梨园间作绿肥作物对主要害虫及天敌种群动态的影响  

The effects of growing green manure crops on the population dynamics of the main pests and their natural enemies in pear orchards

作　　者：冉红凡[1] 牛一平 马爱红[1] 李建成[1] 刘忠宽[2] 冯伟[2] RAN Hong-Fan;NIU Yi-Ping;MA Ai-Hong;LI Jian-Cheng;LIU Zhong-Kuan;FENG Wei(Plant Protection Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Northern Region of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,P.R.China,IPM Innovation Center of Hebei Province,International Science and Technology Joint Research Center on IPM of Hebei Province,Baoding 071000,China;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,河北省农业有害生物综合防治技术创新中心,河北省作物有害生物综合防治国际科技联合研究中心,保定071000 [2]河北省农林科学院资源环境研究所,河北省肥料技术创新中心,石家庄050051

出　　处：《应用昆虫学报》2024年第6期1354-1361,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology

基　　金：河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题资助(2022KJCXZX-ZBS-9);河北省现代农业产业技术体系水果创新团队(HBCT2023120307,HBCT2023120208);国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(绿肥CARS-22);河北省重点研发计划专项(20326511D)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确种植不同绿肥作物种类对华北平原梨园害虫梨小食心虫Grophalita molesta、苹小卷叶蛾Adoxophyes orana、绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum以及天敌昆虫食蚜蝇、异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis、龟纹瓢虫Propylaea japonica、草蛉和姬蜂等的消长动态影响。【方法】2019-2020年对河北省晋州市梨园二月兰、披碱草、毛叶苕子、自然生草和清耕5种处理模式下主要害虫及天敌消长动态进行调查研究。【结果】梨树行间种植绿肥时梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾的发生量大小分别为披碱草<毛叶苕子<自然生草<二月兰<清耕及披碱草<二月兰<自然生草<毛叶苕子<清耕,2种害虫在清耕园发生数量最多。与清耕园相比,绿肥园2种害虫平均发生量分别降低52.41%和33.86%。毛叶苕子处理中绿盲蝽发生量较多。种植绿肥后梨园的食蚜蝇类、瓢虫类、草蛉和寄生蜂类等天敌昆虫数量高于清耕园,尤其是豆科毛叶苕子诱集食蚜蝇、龟纹瓢虫和姬蜂数量最多,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】华北平原梨园行间种植绿肥后能够显著减低梨树冠层梨小食心虫和苹小卷叶蛾的数量,但毛叶苕子处理绿盲蝽发生量较大,生产上应在绿盲蝽防治关键期提前防治;绿肥果园食蚜蝇、异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、草蛉和姬蜂等天敌昆虫的数量明显增加,为生态果园绿色果品生产提供了理论依据。[Aim]To determine the effects of different green manure crops on the population dynamics of the main pests(Grapholita molesta,Adoxophyes orana and Apolygus lucorum),and their natural enemies(syrphid flies,Harmonia axyridis,Propylaea japonica,lacewing and ichneumon wasp),in pear orchards on the North China Plain.[Methods]The dynamics of the main pests and their natural enemies on Orychophragmus violaceus,Elymus dahuricus,Vicia villosa,natural grass and clean tillage,were investigated over 2 years in pear orchards in Leichen,Jinzhou,Shijiazhuang.[Results]The relative abundance of G.molesta on different green manure crops was as follows:E.dahuricus<V.villosa<natural growing grass<O.violaceus<clean tillage,and the relative abundance of A.orana on these was:E.dahuricus<O.violaceus<natural growing grass<V.villosa<clean tillage.These two pest species were most common in pear orchards with clean tillage.Compared to the latter,the average abundance of these pests in orchards with green manure crops was 52.41%and 33.86%lower,respectively.A.lucorum was most common in V.villosa in pear orchards.Numbers of syrphid flies,ladybirds,Chrysopidae,and parasitic wasps were higher in orchards with green manure crops than in those with clean tillage;especially those with legumes,grass and V.villosa,which attracted the most syrphid flies,P.japonica and Ichneumonidae,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05).[Conclusion]Sowing green manure crops between rows of trees in pear orchards on the North China Plain can significantly decrease the abundance of G.molesta and A.orana.A.lucorum was most common in orchards with V.villosa.In such orchards A.lucorum should be controlled during key production periods.In addition to having fewer pests,orchards with green manure crops also had significantly more of the natural enemies of these pests,such as,syrphid flies,H.axyridis,P.japonica,Chrysopidae,Ichneumonidae.

关 键 词：梨园 绿肥 果园害虫 天敌 消长动态 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S436.612[农业科学—植物保护]