全国自来水消毒副产物的空间分布特征、健康风险及应对策略  

Spatial distribution characteristics,health risks and coping strategies of disinfection byproducts in national tap water

作　　者：刘梦洁 俞文正[1] LIU Mengjie;YU Wenzheng(Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology,Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心环境水质学国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《未来与发展》2025年第2期6-17,共12页Future and Development

基　　金：北京市杰出青年科学基金项目“微量胞外聚合物促进絮凝提高纳滤膜抗污染机制研究”(JQ21032)。

摘　　要：文章全面评估了全国31省自来水水质,重点研究自来水中消毒副产物(disinfection byproducts,DBPs)的现状。探讨了自然(如降水)与人为因素(如经济发展、污染排放)对水质及其健康风险的影响。发现降水显著影响自来水中有机物含量,而DBPs浓度虽与有机物相关,但其毒性种类分布也受人为因素调控。纳滤终端处理技术被验证为有效减少公共供水中DBPs不良影响的技术。鉴于自来水中的DBPs是全球长期挑战,文章强调需关注并应对自来水潜在健康风险。基于研究结果,文章提出了强化水源保护、优化生产工艺及增设终端保障3个方面的策略,以提升自来水水质,保障人民生命健康。This study comprehensively assessed tap water quality in 31 provinces across China,focusing on the status of disinfection byproducts(DBPs)in tap water.The effects of natural(e.g.,precipitation)and anthropogenic(e.g.,economic development,pollution discharge)factors on water quality and its health risks were explored.Precipitation was found to significantly affect the organic matter content in tap water,while the concentration of DBPs,although correlated with organic matter,was also modulated by anthropogenic factors in terms of the distribution of toxic species.Nanofiltration point-of-use treatment was validated as an effective technology to reduce the adverse effects of DBPs in public water supplies.Given that tap water DBPs are a long term,global challenge,this study emphasizes the need to focus on and address the potential health risks of tap water.Based on the results of this study,this paper proposes a three-pronged strategy to improve tap water quality and safeguard people's lives and health by strengthening the protection of water sources,optimizing the production process and installing additional end-point safeguards.

关 键 词：自来水 消毒副产物 水质安全 有机物 健康风险 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程]