黄河下游河道摩阻计算方法研究  

Research on the calculation method of frictional resistance in the lower reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：侯琳 张红武[1] HOU Lin;ZHANG Hongwu(State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《水利学报》2025年第1期63-72,共10页Journal of Hydraulic Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402500);国家自然科学基金青年项目(52009145);鄂尔多斯水利科技重点项目(20232000090)。

摘　　要：动床阻力的确定在冲积河道洪水演进模拟与河床冲淤计算中是非常重要的环节,也是河流动力学研究中难度最大的课题之一。早期钱宁等学者以Einstein和Barbarossa成果为基础,绘制了水力参变数ψ和摩阻参数A的关系图,建立了黄河下游动床糙率关系曲线及表达式。近期马睿在补充实测资料与分析归纳基础上,将ψ≤0.5的点群分布与原点据统一给出幂级数形式的糙率关系,即摩阻关系曲线。为克服该曲线的局限性,本文根据动床沙波形态随着水流强度大小而变化的物理图形,利用典型资料及新的试验点据,重新确定马睿摩阻曲线表达式中的系数,建立黄河下游动床摩阻关系曲线及其表达式。该表达式体现出接近静平床状态下沙波阻力未形成前水流阻力不大的实际情形,揭示了当水流强度由小增大时,床面会依次出现静平床、沙纹、沙波发展、消衰至动平床甚至逆行沙波的全过程。利用黄河下游2450组实测资料验证,结果表明,本文摩阻公式计算的水深与实测值颇为相近,相关系数达0.872,相对误差仅为16.3%。在此基础上,利用张红武流速分布公式替换对数流速分布公式,不仅避免了借助校正参数需多次试算方面的麻烦,还克服了对数公式在近底流区容易出现不合理数值的固有缺陷,进一步提高黄河下游摩阻计算的精度和使用价值。Determining resistance of moving bed is one of the most challenging topics in the field of water conservancy,as it plays an important role in the simulating flood evolution in alluvial channels and calculating riverbed erosion and sedimentation.Early scholars such as Chien,based on the results of Einstein and Barbarossa,further plotted the relationship between the hydraulic parameters of sand particlesψand the friction parameter A of the Manning-Strickle roughness formula,and established the friction curveψ-A for the lower Yellow River.On the basis of supplementing measured data and analysis,Ma Rui unified the variation pattern afterψ<0.4 and the original curve,which has improved its academic and practical value.This article combines typical data and new experimental data,and based on the physical graph of‘as the water flow intensity increases,the bed shape develops from a static flat bed to sand ridges and ridges,and then to a dynamic flat bed and reverse wave’.The results present the actual situation where sand wave resistance does not form in a static flat bed state,resulting in low water flow resistance.It revealed that as the water flow intensity increased from small to large,the entire process of static flat bed,sand ripple,sand wave development,attenuation to dynamic flat bed and even retrograde sand wave would appear on the bed surface in sequence.The verification results using 2450 sets of measured data from the lower reaches of the Yellow River show that the water depth calculated by the friction correction curve method in this paper is quite similar to the measured values,with a correlation coefficient of 0.872 and a relative error of only 16.3%.On this basis,using Zhang’s velocity distribution formula to replace the logarithmic velocity distribution formula not only avoids the trouble of multiple trial calculations with correction parameters,but also overcomes the inherent defect of the logarithmic formula that is prone to unreasonable numerical values in the near bottom flow region,further i

关 键 词：水流阻力 黄河下游 糙率 摩阻参数 摩阻曲线 水力参变数 床面形态 

分 类 号：TV143[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]