轻型颅脑损伤认知功能障碍的评估技术研究进展  

Research progress on event-related potentials in cognitive dysfunction following mild traumatic brain injury

作　　者：周阳 张浩然 王铄辰 刘立志 伍鹏 宋健 徐国政 ZHOU Yang;ZHANG Hao-ran;WANG Shuo-chen;LIU Li-zhi;WU Peng;SONG Jian;XU Guo-zheng(Hubei University of Medicine,Shiyan,442000,China;Department of Neurosurgery,General Hospital of Central Theater Command,PLA,Wuhan 430070,China;School of Medicine,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430065,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北医药学院,湖北十堰442000 [2]中国人民解放军中部战区总医院神经外科,武汉430070 [3]武汉科技大学医学院,武汉430065

出　　处：《中国临床神经外科杂志》2024年第12期751-755,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery

摘　　要：轻型颅脑损伤是最常见的颅脑损伤类型,约占所有颅脑损伤的80%。由于症状轻微,因此,容易被病人及医生忽视。虽然轻型颅脑损伤对大脑的损伤轻微,但其对认知功能的损害可能是持续的。传统影像学如CT、MRI识别轻型颅脑损伤的微小损伤的敏感性较低,而神经心理测试受病人主观因素影响波动性较大。事件相关电位(ERP)是通过脑电图记录大脑对特定事件如刺激或任务的时间锁定电活动,是一种高时间分辨率的无创脑功能评估方法。ERP技术以毫秒级监测大脑的动态信息加工过程,客观的神经电生理指标如波幅和潜伏期能敏感反映认知功能受损程度。ERP能检测到轻型颅脑损伤可能未表现出的早期认知功能损害,例如注意力、记忆或执行功能的微小异常。同时,功能磁共振成像、弥散张量成像等方法,为探索mTBI引起认知功能障碍的神经机制提供了全新视角。本文就轻型颅脑损伤认知功能障碍的常用评估技术应用进展进行综述,探讨评估轻型颅脑损伤的认知功能障碍的新策略。Mild traumatic brain injury is the most common type of traumatic brain injury,accounting for approximately 80%of all brain injuries.Due to its mild symptoms,it is prone to be overlooked by both patients and physicians.Although mild traumatic brain injury causes only minor damage to the brain,its detrimental effects on cognitive function can be persistent.Traditional imaging modalities such as CT and MRI have relatively low sensitivity in detecting the minute injuries of mild traumatic brain injury,while neuropsychological tests are highly variable and influenced by subjective factors of the patients.Event-related potentials(ERP),which record the time-locked electrical activity of the brain in response to specific events such as stimuli or tasks through electroencephalography,represent a non-invasive brain function assessment method with high temporal resolution.ERP can monitor the dynamic information processing of the brain at the millisecond level,and objective neuroelectrophysiological indicators such as amplitude and latency can sensitively reflect the degree of cognitive impairment.ERP can detect early cognitive impairments that may not be manifested in mild traumatic brain injury,such as minor abnormalities in attention,memory,or executive function.Meanwhile,approaches such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging have offered a completely new perspective for exploring the neural mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction induced by mTBI.This paper presents a review of the application advancements of common assessment techniques for cognitive dysfunction in mild traumatic brain injury and explores new strategies for evaluating the cognitive dysfunction of mild traumatic brain injury.

关 键 词：轻型颅脑损伤 认知功能障碍 事件相关电位(ERP)技术 

分 类 号：R651.15[医药卫生—外科学]