跨/超临界条件流体流动与喷射研究进展  

A brief review on trans/supercritical internal flow and jet

作　　者：姜冠宇 闻浩诚 代雯 师迎晨 王兵[1,3] JIANG Guanyu;WEN Haocheng;DAI Wen;SHI Yingchen;WANG Bing(School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Beijing Institute of Astronautical Systems Engineering,Beijing 100076,China;Sichuan Research Institute,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Chengdu 610218,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [2]北京宇航系统工程研究所,北京100076 [3]上海交通大学四川研究院,成都610218

出　　处：《实验流体力学》2025年第1期54-70,共17页Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2017-Ⅲ-0005-0030);四川省科技计划(2021YFG0360)。

摘　　要：航空煤油作为先进航空燃气涡轮发动机的冷却介质时,在发动机特定工况下处于接近临界点的亚临界状态或超临界状态,因此,针对喷嘴流道流动及喷射掺混等流体物理规律的研究对于发动机燃烧室设计十分重要。本文围绕跨/超临界条件流体的流动特性及喷射掺混规律进行了文献综述。文献表明,现有跨/超临界条件流体内流道的流动特性研究多局限于小分子、单质流体,流体相变条件取决于入口参数和流道几何特性,流道类型多局限于简单几何流道,而相关研究则多局限于较为狭窄的参数范围。以小分子流体作为研究介质的喷射掺混特性研究表明,跨/超临界条件下的流体喷射掺混效果很大程度上受到流体热力学特性的影响,特别是在改变喷嘴几何构型时,超临界流体射流形态及喷射掺混评价模型与方法尚未获得一致的研究结论。对于跨/超临界条件下大分子碳氢燃料(航空煤油)在收缩喷嘴流道等复杂几何流道中的流动规律以及复杂喷嘴构型喷射掺混特性的研究,尚有待深入开展。一方面,需准确建立航空煤油在超临界条件下的热力学模型,另一方面,需揭示喷射流体界面变形、破碎机理及规律,以先进光学诊断手段捕获流体掺混行为,总结描述掺混特性参数及其变化规律。Aviation kerosene is expected to act as the primary coolant of advanced gas turbine engines.In such situations,the aviation kerosene would exist at subcritical conditions near the critical point or even at supercritical conditions.Correspondingly,it is of vital importance to study the nozzle internal flow and jet for the design of engine combustors.This paper focuses on the internal flow characteristics and jet characteristics under trans/supercritical conditions.The review shows that the existing researches of the trans/supercritical internal flow are mainly limited to small-molecular or simple fluids,constant cross-section pipes,and narrow conditional parameters.The location of phase change depends on thermodynamic characteristics,geometric configurations,and injection parameters.The mixing efficiency of the trans/supercritical jet is largely affected by thermodynamic characteristics.However,the research on trans/supercritical internal flow characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel inside constriction nozzle channels and jet characteristics based on relatively complex nozzle configurations remains to be further developed.Accurate thermodynamic models of supercritical aviation kerosene remain to be established.The deformation and breaking mechanism of the jet fluid interface as well as the jet mixing behavior remains to be captured through advanced optical diagnostic methods.The mixing characteristic parameters and their change laws remain to be summarized and described.

关 键 词：跨/超临界条件 航空煤油 内流动 射流 综述 

分 类 号：V231[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]