基于遥感技术的盐渍土监测研究进展与展望  

Research Progress and Prospect of Saline Soil Monitoring Based on Remote Sensing Technology

作　　者：耿梦清 唐夏雨 李雪草 温亚楠 李保国 刘涵 黄健熙 孔祥斌 张超 苗双喜 GENG Mengqing;TANG Xiayu;LI Xuecao;WEN Ya'nan;LI Baoguo;LIU Han;HUANG Jianxi;KONG Xiangbin;ZHANG Chao;MIAO Shuangxi(School of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing for Agri-Hazards,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100083,China;School of Information Engineering,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China;Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China;Science and Technology Innovation Bureau,State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council,Beijing 100053,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100083 [2]农业农村部农业灾害遥感重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国地质大学信息工程学院,北京100083 [4]自然资源部国土整治中心,北京100035 [5]国务院国资委科技创新局,北京100053

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2025年第1期60-81,共22页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“基于超分辨率卷积与图斑边缘优化的土地覆盖精细制图方法研究”(42301461);国家重点研发计划重点专项“大数据驱动的耕地质量演变预测模型和产量估测模型建立”(2023YFD1501305-1)。

摘　　要：土壤盐渍化是制约农业生态和社会经济可持续发展的重要因素,目前已成为一个全球性环境问题。遥感技术作为探测和识别远距离目标的高新技术之一,具有综合、宏观、动态等特点,已在盐渍土分布、盐渍化程度和动态变化监测方面得到广泛应用。为准确、全面的认识和梳理遥感技术在盐渍土应用中的研究进展、局限性及未来发展趋势,以期更好地服务于盐渍土治理与开发利用、土地资源配置及社会经济发展等,本研究以盐渍土遥感监测与制图研究为主要脉络,系统阐述近年来国内外的研究进展,并从盐渍土监测的主要原理、遥感数据源、盐渍土信息提取方法、研究中存在的问题和研究热点等方面做了归纳与总结。在此基础上,本文指出结合多源遥感数据、大尺度样本库和野外调查数据,并采用机器学习模型和专家知识判断进行分区土壤盐分定量反演已成为研究的主要范式。未来,图像增强、多源异构数据融合、模型环境协变量改进等方法将是盐渍土遥感的重点发展方向。Soil salinization is a critical factor restricting the sustainable development of agroecology and social economy,and has become a global environmental issue.As one of the advanced technologies for detecting and identifying distant targets,remote sensing technology has the characteristics of comprehensive,macroscopic,and dynamic,and has been widely applied in the monitoring of the distribution,salinization degree and dynamic change of saline soil.To accurately and comprehensively understand and summarize the research progress,limitations,and future development trends of remote sensing technology in the application of saline soil,and to better support the management and utilization of saline soils,land resource allocation,and socio-economic development,this study focuses on the research of remote sensing monitoring and mapping of saline soils.It systematically reviews the recent research progress at home and abroad,and summarizes the main principles of saline soil monitoring,remote sensing data sources,information extraction methods of saline soil,existing problems and research hotspots.On this basis,this paper points out that integrating multi-source remote sensing data,large-scale sample databases,and field survey data,combined with machine learning models and expert knowledge,has become the main paradigm for regionalized quantitative inversion of soil salinity.In the future,methods such as image enhancement,multi-source heterogeneous data fusion,and improvements to environmental covariates in models will be key development directions in remote sensing of saline soil.

关 键 词：土壤盐渍化 遥感 动态监测 信息提取 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S156.41[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]