“分”与“合”的辩证法:《共产党宣言》揭示资本主义历史的科学方法论  

The Dialectics of"Separation"and"Integration":The Scientific Methodology Revealing the History of Capitalism in The Communist Manifesto

作　　者：杨宏伟 徐静 Yang Hongwei;Xu Jing

机构地区：[1]兰州大学马克思主义学院党委 [2]兰州大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2025年第1期38-45,共8页Socialism Studies

摘　　要：《共产党宣言》中,马克思恩格斯运用“分”与“合”的辩证法揭示了资本主义社会从产生、发展到走向灭亡的运动过程:前资本主义的历史随着资产阶级发展走向灭亡而进入资本主义历史,推动地域性生产转变为世界性生产、地方性的小市场联合为世界大市场、“民族文学”发展为“世界文学”,实现由“分”到“合”;资本主义社会,社会化大生产与生产资料私人占有之间的巨大张力,造成其自身的貌“合”神“分”,社会内部阶级分化与对立日益加剧、全球范围“四个从属于”的不平等格局日渐形成、现代生产力反抗现代生产关系的运动日益剧烈;社会发展要求对资本主义进行消“分”弥“合”,无产阶级联合一切可以联合的革命力量,以暴力革命推翻资产阶级统治、消灭私有制,以自由人的联合体取代资本主义。In The Communist Manifesto,Marx and Engels employed the dialectics of"division"and"integration"to reveal the movement process of capitalist society from its emergence,development to its eventual demise:The pre-capitalist history entered the capitalist history as the bourgeoisie developed and grew to a point of extinction,driving regional production to transform into global production,local small markets to unite into a world market,and"national literature"to evolve into"world literature",achieving a transition from"division"to"integration".In capitalist society,the immense tension between large-scale socialized production and private ownership of the means of production leads to a superficial"integration"but a deep-seated"division",with class differentiation and opposition within society intensifying,an unequal pattern of"four subordinations"on a global scale gradually taking shape,and the movement of modern productive forces against modern production relations becoming increasingly intense.Social development demands the elimination of"division"and the restoration of"integration"in capitalism.The proletariat,in alliance with all revolutionary forces that can be united,will overthrow the rule of the bourgeoisie through violent revolution,abolish private property,and replace capitalism with a community of free individuals.

关 键 词：《共产党宣言》 资本主义社会 “分”“合”辩证法 自由人联合体 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D033.3[政治法律—政治学]