《资本论》中资本历史宿命的生命辩证法阐释  

The Interpretation of Life Dialectics of the Historical Fate of Capital in"Capital"

作　　者：宋田光 Song Tianguang

机构地区：[1]中共黑龙江省委党校(黑龙江省行政学院)学术交流部

出　　处：《社会主义研究》2025年第1期46-54,共9页Socialism Studies

基　　金：2022年度国家社会科学基金一般项目“以中国式现代化道路为实证的唯物史观史学解释力研究”(22BKS070);2024年度山西省哲学社会科学规划课题“《资本论》及其手稿中资本的历史使命及其当代价值研究”(2024ZZ016)。

摘　　要：辩证法是马克思研究“现代生产方式和它所产生的资产阶级社会的特殊的运动规律”运用的重要工具和阐释原则。在《资本论》中,马克思不仅以“科学抽象法”揭示了资本这一隐性主体的生命轨迹,更在资本与劳动的生命矛盾关系中阐明了人类丧失生命本真意义的形上根源与复归真实生命情境的形下路径。作为“普照光”,资本主体旺盛的生命力意味着劳动主体牺牲生命的“献祭”,鲜活的生命在资本主体的统摄下成为“机器附件”和“时间原子”,即“存在着的无”,生等同于死。资本主体的生命不终结,劳动主体便无法真正占有和把握自己的生命。马克思在揭示隐性主体生命终结必然性的同时,看到了显性主体的生命能量。劳动主体只有自觉资本历史宿命并作为“自为阶级”发挥力量,才能消灭生命被控制、被决定和被否定的“绝对力量”,建构新的生命共同体以占有真实的生命场景、生命时间和生命意义。Dialectics is an important tool and interpretive principle used by Marx to study the"special laws of movement of the modern mode of production and the bourgeois society it produces".In"Capital",Marx not only revealed the life trajectory of capital as an implicit subject through the"scientific abstract method",but also elucidated the metaphysical roots of human loss of the true meaning of life and the path of returning to the real life situation in the contradiction between capital and labor.As the'shining light',the vigorous vitality of the capital subject means the'sacrifice'of the labor subject's life.The vivid life becomes the'machine attachment'and'time atom'under the control of the capital subject,that is,the'nothingness of existence',where life is equivalent to death.The life of the capital subject does not end,and the labor subject cannot truly possess and control their own life.Marx not only revealed the inevitability of the end of the implicit subject's life,but also saw the life energy of the explicit subject.Only by consciously realizing the historical destiny of capital and exerting its power as a"conscious class"can the labor subject eliminate the"absolute power"of life being controlled,determined,and denied,and construct a new community of life to possess real life scene,life time,and life meaning.

关 键 词：资本 生命辩证法 《资本论》 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] F091.91[经济管理—政治经济学]