废旧锂离子电池拆解铝渣回收工艺研究  

Research on Recycling Technology of Aluminum Slagfrom Spent Lithium-ion Batteries

作　　者：周游 李长东 陈怀兴 阮丁山 王皓 宁培超 ZHOU You;LI Changdong;CHEN Huaixing;RUAN Dingshan;WANG Hao;NING Peichao(Guangdong Brunp Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd.,Foshan 528137,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Battery Recycling Enterprises,Foshan 528137,China;Yichang Brunp Recycling Technology Co.,Ltd.,Yichang 443005,China;Yichang Key Laboratory of Battery Recycling and Green Low Carbon,Yichang 443005,China)

机构地区：[1]广东邦普循环科技有限公司,广东佛山528137 [2]广东省电池循环利用企业重点实验室,广东佛山528137 [3]宜昌邦普循环科技有限公司,湖北宜昌443005 [4]宜昌市电池循环利用与绿色低碳重点实验室,湖北宜昌443005

出　　处：《绿色矿冶》2025年第1期25-30,共6页Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

基　　金：广东省电池循环利用企业重点实验室项目(2021B1212050002)。

摘　　要：废旧锂离子电池拆解中,正极片粉剥离后余下的铝渣含有Al、Li、Fe等有价金属。本文基于熔盐法和真空冶金基本原理,进行铝渣常规回收工艺(熔盐法)和真空蒸馏的对比实验,研究铝渣回收冶炼气氛、温度、时间、添加剂用量等条件对再生铝品位和直收率的影响,并探讨金属Li的回收途径。结果表明:常压回收方法中,在熔炼温度850℃、熔炼时间60 min和CaF_(2)添加量为3%条件下,再生铝Al品位达到98.54%,直收率为68.43%,金属Li与熔剂反应并经过水洗后进入卤水中;真空蒸馏方法中,在熔炼温度1050℃和熔炼时间3 h条件下,再生铝Al品位为99.55%,直收率为85.50%,金属Li大部分在真空作用下挥发进入烟气中。常压回收工艺优点在于能耗低、成本低、设备简单;缺点在于流程长、需要添加熔剂、再生铝品位和直收率较低;而真空回收工艺的优点在于流程短、无其他熔剂、铝品位和直收率较高;缺点为能耗高、成本高、设备要求高。In the disassembly of spent lithium-ion batteries,the remaining aluminum slag after the stripping of the cathode sheet powder contains valuable metals such as Al,Li,and Fe.In this paper,based on the basic principles of molten salt method and vacuum metallurgy,the comparative experiments of conventional aluminum slag recovery process(molten salt method)and vacuum distillation were carried out.The effects of smelting atmosphere,temperature,time and additive dosage on the grade and direct yield of recycled aluminum were studied,and the recovery way of metal Li was discussed.The results show that in the atmospheric pressure recovery method,under the conditions of melting temperature 850℃,melting time 60 min and CaF_(2)addition amount 3%,the Al grade of regenerated aluminum reaches 98.54%and the direct recovery rate is 68.43%.The metal Li reacts with the flux and enters the brine after washing.In the vacuum distillation method,under the condition of melting temperature of 1050℃and melting time of 3 h,the grade of recycled aluminum Al is 99.55%,and the direct recovery rate is 85.50%.Most of the metal Li volatilizes into the flue gas under vacuum.The advantages of atmospheric pressure recovery process are low energy consumption,low cost and simple equipment,and the disadvantage is that the process is long,the flux needs to be added,the grade of recycled aluminum and the direct recovery rate are low.The advantages of vacuum recovery process are short process,no other flux,high aluminum grade and direct recovery rate,and the disadvantages are high energy consumption,high cost and high equipment requirements.

关 键 词：铝箔 再生铝 真空冶金 熔盐法 

分 类 号：TF821[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF135