《共产党宣言》的两种经典解读及其张力——以列宁与海德格尔为例  

On Two Classical Interpretations of the Communist Manifesto and Its Tension

作　　者：刘贵祥 LIU Gui-xiang(College of Marxism,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian,Liaoning 116024,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学马克思主义学院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《山西师大学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期47-55,共9页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(22BZX001)。

摘　　要：《共产党宣言》作为共产主义运动的纲领性文献,始终与共产主义运动紧密相连,它鲜明地体现了“文本和实践”之间的互动关系。在对《共产党宣言》与共产主义运动的各种解读中,列宁和海德格尔的解读值得特别注意。他们一个从政治视角出发,将《共产党宣言》看作一种“新世界观”,坚持“哲学的党性原则”而主张解决社会问题时的“阶级斗争”方式;另一个从“存在历史”的意义出发,认为整个“共产主义学说及其论据”不只局限于“党派”和“世界观”,主张面对存在意义的失落采取“泰然任之”的态度。双方的解读形成一种“哲学政治化”和“政治哲学化”的巨大张力。本文尝试在一种“互文式”的释读中呈现双方的张力和差异,进而指出,如果我们从中国哲学“就用显体”的思维方式来看,两种解读的差异和张力也可以进行“对话和互释”。As a programmatic document of the communist movement,the Communist Manifesto has always been closely linked with the ups and downs of the whole communist movement,which clearly embodies the interactive relationship between text interpretation and practical change.Among the various interpretations of the Communist Manifesto and the Communist Movement,Lenin's and Heidegger's interpretations deserve special attention.From a political point of view,Lenin regards it as a“new worldview”,adheres to the principle of“philosophical party spirit”,and advocates a way of“class struggle”to solve social problems.Starting from the meaning of existence history,Heidegger regards the whole“communist theory and its argument”as not only“party”and“worldview”,and then advocates the attitude of“letting go”in the face of the loss of existence meaning.The two interpretations form a great tension of“politicization of philosophy”and“philosophicalization of politics”.This paper attempts to present the tension and boundary between the two sides in a kind of“intertextualization”interpretation.Furthermore,it is pointed out that if we look at the way of thinking from the method of“Entities Disclosed by the Functions”,the difference and tension between the two interpretations can also be“dialogue and mutual-interpretation”.

关 键 词：《共产党宣言》 共产主义 列宁 海德格尔 

分 类 号：A122[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]