阻燃水性聚氨酯的合成及应用  

Synthesis and application of flame retardant waterborne polyurethane

作　　者：孔雨涛 任燕 梅建辉 张晶 尚玉栋 乔曦冉 KONG Yutao;REN Yan;MEI Jianhui;ZHANG Jing;SHANG Yudong;QIAO Xiran(School of Textile Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Engineering,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学纺织科学与工程学院,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《印染助剂》2025年第2期28-35,共8页Textile Auxiliaries

基　　金：2024年度陕西省教育厅科学研究计划青年创新团队项目(24JP064);2024年度陕西省教育厅科学研究计划自然科学专项项目(24JK0462);特种FH纺织品教育部重点实验室开放课题(TZFH-24-009);纺织新材料及其应用湖北省重点实验室开放项目(FZX⁃CL202303);中国纺织工业联合会科技指导性计划项目(2024017);西安工程大学博士科研启动基金项目。

摘　　要：为了改善水性聚氨酯的阻燃性能,采用新型主链接枝磷的聚酯二醇、含磷聚酯二醇BY3009T、无卤阻燃二醇BY3010作为聚氨酯的软段组分,并将其按一定的比例复配;以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯作为聚氨酯硬段,二羟甲基丁酸作为亲水性扩链剂,三羟甲基丙烷作为交联剂,三乙胺作为成盐剂,制备具有阻燃性能的水性聚氨酯(BWPU)。采用FT-IR对BY3009T和BY3010所合成BWPU的分子结构进行表征。采用耐水性、力学性能、TGA、LOI等指标探究n(3009T)∶n(3010)对BWPU乳液稳定性、耐溶剂性能、力学性能以及阻燃性能等的影响。WPU残炭率仅有2.27%,而WPU2和WPU4在470℃完成分解,残炭率分别为8.42%和10.13%,分别提升了271.0%和346.3%。当n(BY3009T)∶n(BY3010)大于1∶1时,所得胶膜的氧指数都大于27%,阻燃性能达到难燃级。In order to improve the flame retardancy of waterborne polyurethane,a new type of main chain graft phosphorus polyester diol,phosphorous polyester diol BY3009T,halogen-free flame retardant diol BY3010 were used as the soft segment component of polyurethane,and the flame retardant waterborne polyurethane(BWPU)was prepared with isophorone diisocyanate as hard segment,dihydroxymethyl butyric acid as hydrophilic chain extender,trimethylolpropane as crosslinking agent and triethylamine as salting agent.BWPU synthesized by BY3009T and BY3010 was characterized by FT-IR.The effects of n(3009T)∶n(3010)on the stability,solvent resistance,mechanical properties and flame retardancy of BWPU emulsion were studied by water resistance test,mechanical properties test,TGA,LOI.The carbon residue rate of WPU was only 2.27%,while that of WPU2 and WPU4 was decomposed at 470℃.The carbon residue rate was 8.42%and 10.13%,which increased by 271.0%and 346.3%,respectively.When n(BY3009T)∶n(BY3010)was more than 1∶1,the oxygen index of the film was more than 27%,and the flame retardant property was refractory.

关 键 词：含磷聚酯二醇 阻燃水性聚氨酯 极限氧指数 

分 类 号：TS195.2[轻工技术与工程—纺织化学与染整工程]