长距离负重行军对士兵下肢等速肌力和步态的影响  

Effects of Long-Distance Load Marching on Isometric Muscle Strength of Lower Limb and Gait in Soldiers

作　　者：徐盛嘉 夏铁城 王巍 韩满朝 马继政 XU Shengjia;XIA Tiecheng;WANG Wei;HAN Manchao;MA Jizheng(Department of Military Foundation,the PLA Engineering University,Nanjing 211101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军陆军工程大学军事基础系,南京211101

出　　处：《医用生物力学》2025年第1期179-186,共8页Journal of Medical Biomechanics

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20211228);基础加强计划技术领域基金项目(2021-JCJQ-JJ-1021)。

摘　　要：目的 研究士兵长距离负重行军后下肢关节肌力和步态的变化,探索下肢骨骼肌疲劳对步态的影响。方法 15名男性士兵完成负重17.5 kg行军15 km后,测试髋、膝、踝关节屈伸等速肌力,并运用Vicon动作捕捉系统和AMTI测力台采集士兵负重行走和跑步的步态参数。结果 负重行军后,髋关节屈伸峰值力矩显著下降(P<0.05);右侧屈膝和伸膝的平均功率显著下降(P<0.05);踝关节跖屈的相对峰值力矩和平均功率显著下降(P<0.05)。步行时,左侧髋屈角、膝屈伸角,踝背屈角及内翻角均显著减少(P<0.05),膝内收角显著增加(P<0.05),左侧屈髋、屈膝和踝关节跖屈力矩和双侧膝内收力矩显著降低(P<0.05),右侧伸髋力矩和地面反作用力显著增加(P<0.05)。跑步时,步频显著降低(P<0.01),左侧步宽显著增加(P<0.05),左膝屈角、右踝背屈角显著减少(P<0.05),膝内收角显著增加(P<0.05),双侧屈髋、左侧屈膝、右侧踝背屈和膝内收力矩显著减少(P<0.05),右侧地面反作用力显著增加(P<0.05)。结论 长距离负重行军后下肢肌力下降,尤其是髋关节。行军后负重行走步态使用了髋关节驱动机制,但由于肌力下降,出现膝过伸和膝外翻。跑步时则更多利用踝关节,增加了踝关节的损伤风险。为优化步态、增强负重能力和预防损伤,需强化髋关节和腘绳肌群力量。Objective To study the variations in lower limb muscle strength and gait after long-distance load marching in soldiers and to investigate the effects of muscle fatigue of the lower limbs on the walking and running gait.Methods Fifteen male soldiers completed a 15 km march with a 17.5 kg load carriage.The isometric muscle strength of the hip,knee,and ankle joints under flexion and extension were tested.The walking and running gait parameters were collected with a Vicon motion capture system and AMTI force platform.Results After load marching,the peak moment of the hip decreased significantly(P<0.05),the mean power of the right knee decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the relative peak moment and mean power of the ankle plantar flexion decreased significantly(P<0.05).During walking,the left hip flexion,knee flexion and extension,ankle dorsiflexion,and inversion angles(P<0.05)decreased significantly in conjunction with a significant increase in the knee inversion angle(P<0.05).Additionally,the moments of left hip flexion,knee flexion,ankle plantar flexion,and bilateral knee inversion(P<0.05)decreased significantly,coupled with a significant increase in the moments of right hip extension and vertical ground reaction forces(P<0.05).During running,the step frequency decreased significantly(P<0.01),and the left step width increased(P<0.05).Both left and right ankle dorsiflexion angles decreased significantly(P<0.05),whereas the knee adduction angle increased significantly(P<0.05).Additionally,the moment of bilateral hip flexion,left knee flexion,right ankle dorsiflexion,and knee adduction decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the ground reaction force on the right side increased significantly(P<0.05).Conclusions The lower limb muscle strength decreased after long-distance marching.This was particularly so in the hip joint.The hip drive mechanism was used in the walking gait after marching.However,knee hyperextension and valgus occurred owing to the decreased muscle strength.The ankle joint was used more frequently during

关 键 词：负重行军 步态 疲劳 等速肌力 

分 类 号：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程]