岩溶山区某隧道工程突涌水风险分析  

Risk Analysis of Water Inrush in a Tunnel Project in a Karst Mountain Area

作　　者：尚海敏 崔庆国 于进庆 王钦刚 SHANG Haimin;CUI Qingguo;YU Jinqing;WANG Qingang(China Railway Design Corporation,Tianjin 300251)

机构地区：[1]中国铁路设计集团有限公司,天津300251

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2025年第1期48-55,共8页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：中国铁路设计集团有限公司科技开发重点课题(2021A2240406,2021BDK02,2023B03040002).

摘　　要：为精准预测岩溶山区隧道施工过程中的突涌水风险,以某在建铁路黄木尖隧道为例,通过物探综合解译与富水性指数模型相互验证的方式,分析洞身富水空间分布特征,在此基础上,建立隧址区多重介质等效连续模型,进行涌水动态精细化模拟,实现隧道突涌水风险定性与定量的融合分析。研究表明:(1)黄木尖隧道隧址区地下水系统以近南北向展布的地表分水岭为界,东西两侧地下水具有相对独立的水力联系,隧道开挖将截断从补给到沟谷排泄的地下水流,洞身附近等水位线分布密集,水位下降速率随着远离洞身而减小。(2)洞身富水性具有很强的不均匀性,强富水区主要位于洞身中部的断裂及褶皱等构造部位,洞身强富水区占隧道总里程的3.9%。(3)根据洞身富水分区结果进行模型水文地质参数分区及赋值,可以避免参数分区主观性的影响,提高突涌水风险预测精度。(4)隧道DK199+400~DK199+760段是隧道突涌水极高风险区,涌水量随时间呈现对数递减的趋势,毛洞单宽涌水量刚开始下降很快,随后逐渐趋于平稳。To accurately predict the risk of water inrush during tunnel construction in karst mountain areas,the Huangmujian Tunnel on a railway under construction was selected as a case study.The spatial distribution charac-teristics of water abundance along the tunnel were analyzed through mutual validation of comprehensive geophysical interpretation and a water abundance index model.Based on this analysis,a multi-medium equivalent continuum model for the tunnel site area was established to perform refined dynamic simulation of water inflow,achieving an in-tegrated qualitative and quantitative analysis of water inrush risks.The research results indicate:(1)The groundwater system at the Huangmujiank tunnel site is bounded by a nearly north-south watershed on the surface,with relatively independent hydraulic connections on the east and west sides.Tunnel excavation intercepts groundwater flow from recharge to valley discharge,with dense water table contours near the tunnel and a decreasing water level drop rate as the distance from the tunnel increases.(2)The water abundance along the tunnel exhibits strong heterogeneity,with high water-abundance zones primarily located at structural features such as faults and folds in the middle sec-tion of the tunnel.These high water-abundance zones account for 3.9%of the total tunnel length.(3)Hydrological parameter zoning and assignment in the model based on the water-abundance zoning results can avoid the subjectivi-ty of parameter zoning and improve the accuracy of water inrush risk prediction.(4)The tunnel section from DK199+400 to DK199+760 is an extremely high-risk zone for water inrush.The water inflow volume decreases logarithmi-cally over time,with a rapid initial decline in the water inflow per unit width,which then gradually stabilizes.

关 键 词：岩溶隧道 地下水系统 富水性指数模型 多重介质等效连续模型 突涌水 

分 类 号：U451[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]