10 km级特长公路隧道自然风对火灾烟气蔓延的影响  

Influence of Natural Wind on Fire Smoke Propagation in 10 km Long Highway Tunnels

作　　者：谭因军 王柯力 张恒 张志强[1,2] TAN Yinjun;WANG Keli;ZHANG Heng;ZHANG Zhiqiang(State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031)

机构地区：[1]极端环境岩土和隧道工程智能建养全国重点实验室,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学土木工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2025年第1期103-113,共11页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52378414);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2682023KJ001,2682023CX072).

摘　　要：为探明10 km级特长公路隧道洞内自然风对火灾烟气蔓延的影响,对太行山特长公路隧道区域气象环境开展现场测试研究,得到洞内自然风分布规律;建立考虑斜井排烟的太行山特长公路隧道三维火灾动力学模型,对烟气蔓延时间长的隧道中部火灾场景进行分析,揭示自然风影响下洞内温度分布特征、烟气蔓延规律。研究结果表明:太行山特长公路隧道自然风速主要为0~3 m/s,右线主风向与行车方向相同且分布概率为56.78%~69.73%;反向自然风使火源与排烟口间峰值温度升高,抑制烟气蔓延;同向自然风驱使烟气向排烟口下游蔓延,扩大高温影响范围,当同向自然风速达到2.88 m/s时,排烟口下游空间充满火灾烟气;洞内自然风使隧道排烟效率降低,达到70%保证率的同向或反向风速时,排烟效率分别降低27.76%、15.59%。To explore the impact of natural wind on fire smoke propagation within a 10 km long highway tunnel,field tests were conducted to study the meteorological environment at the Taihangshang extra-long highway tunnel site and the distribution pattern of natural wind within the tunnel.A 3D fire dynamics model of the Taihangshang tunnel was established,incorporating a smoke exhaust shaft,to analyze fire scenarios in the middle section of the tunnel,which experiences prolonged smoke propagation.The study reveals the temperature distribution characteristics in the tunnel and the rules of smoke propagation under the influence of natural wind.The findings indicate that:(1)The natural wind speed in the Taihangshang tunnel mainly ranges from 0 to 3 m/s,with the main wind direction in the right line matching the traffic direction,having a distribution probability of 56.78%to 69.73%;(2)Opposite-di⁃rection natural wind increases the peak temperature between the fire source and the exhaust outlet,inhibiting smoke propagation;(3)Same-direction natural wind drives the smoke towards the downstream zone of the exhaust outlet,enlarging the high-temperature zone.When the same-direction wind speed reaches 2.88 m/s,the downstream space of the exhaust outlet is filled with fire smoke;(4)Natural wind inside the tunnel reduces the smoke exhaust efficiency,with wind speeds that provide a 70%guarantee rate causing a reduction in smoke exhaust efficiency by 27.76%for same-direction wind and 15.59%for opposite-direction wind.

关 键 词：特长公路隧道 自然风影响 隧道火灾 烟气蔓延 现场测试 三维火灾模型 

分 类 号：U453.5[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]