隧道管道型岩溶突水突泥灾变演化模型试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Catastrophic Evolution of Water and Mud Inrush in Tunnels with Karst Conduits

作　　者：陶伟明 朱星宇[1,3] 张志强 于航 范磊[2] TAO Weiming;ZHU Xingyu;ZHANG Zhiqiang;YU Hang;FAN Lei(State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Geotechnics and Tunnelling,Chengdu 610031;China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.Ltd.,Chengdu 610031;School of Civil Engineering,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031)

机构地区：[1]极端环境岩土与隧道工程智能建养全国重点实验室,成都610031 [2]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,成都610031 [3]西南交通大学土木工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2025年第1期221-230,共10页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52378414).

摘　　要：为探明管道型岩溶灾害的孕育-演化-形成多阶段行为,揭示管道型岩溶灾害演变机理,结合研发的大比尺突水突泥灾害模型试验系统,以某高铁岩溶隧道为工程背景开展模型试验研究,分析管道型岩溶隧道涌突灾害发生时围岩稳定性演化规律及灾变失稳特征。研究结果表明:(1)模型试验中管道型岩溶灾害发展过程分为稳定、渗流、涌突和衰减4个阶段。(2)灾害演化本质上是开挖卸荷、地下水渗流等因素引起应力-渗流耦合作用,使得掌子面前方防突岩体出现裂隙,裂隙贯通形成渗水通道,进而产生失稳的过程。(3)以围岩压力释放率表征开挖卸荷作用和突水突泥灾害演化过程中岩体渗透破坏作用,当掌子面距管道型致灾构造较远时,围岩压力释放率主要由开挖卸荷控制;当距离较近时,围岩压力释放率主要由涌突灾害控制。(4)渗流压力、围岩压力以及围岩位移时程曲线具有显著的灾害前兆特征,可作为灾害预测和发生的判识标准;以渗流压力和围岩压力的突变点作为防突岩体失稳的临界点,并结合工程实际给出合理的防突岩体厚度取值建议。To investigate the multi-stage behaviors of karst conduit induced water and mud inrush disasters,including the development,evolution and formation,and to reveal the evolution mechanism of karst conduit induced disasters,a large-scale model experiment system for water and mud inrush disasters was developed and the model test was conducted based on a high-speed railway karst tunnel project.The study analyzed the stability evolution law of surrounding rock and the instability characteristics during water and mud inrush disasters in karst tunnels.The results show that:(1)The development process of karst conduit induced disasters in the model test is divided into four stag⁃es:stability,seepage,inrush and attenuation.(2)The evolution of the disaster is essentially caused by excavation un⁃loading and groundwater seepage,which lead to stress-seepage coupling.This causes fissures to form in the rock mass ahead of the tunnel face,which eventually connect to form seepage channels,leading to instability.(3)The re⁃lease rate of surrounding rock pressure is used to characterize the excavation unloading effect and the rock mass seepage failure effect during the evolution of the water and mud inrush disaster.When the tunnel face is far from the karst disaster-causing structure,the surrounding rock pressure release rate is mainly controlled by excavation un⁃loading;when it is close,the rate is mainly controlled by the water and mud inrush disaster.(4)The time-history curves of the seepage pressure,surrounding rock pressure,and surrounding rock displacement exhibit significant precursor characteristics of the disaster,which can serve as predictive indicators and identification criteria for the di⁃saster occurrence.The inflection points of seepage pressure and surrounding rock pressure are proposed as the criti⁃cal points for the instability of the anti-inrushing rock mass,and reasonable thickness values of the anti-inrushing rock mass are provided based on practical engineering considerations.

关 键 词：隧道突水突泥 管道型岩溶 灾变演化 模型试验 防突岩体 

分 类 号：U456[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]