废旧涤棉纤维的分离技术分析及创新方法探究  

Analysis of Separation Technology and Exploration of Innovative Methods for Waste Polyester Cotton Fibers

作　　者：蔡宇凌 雷淑宜 段先月 覃玉红 丁纯淇 姜涛[1] CAI Yuling;LEI Shuyi;DUAN Xianyue;QIN Yuhong;DING Chunqi;JIANG Tao(Center for Environment and Green Development,China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute,Guangzhou 511300,China)

机构地区：[1]工业和信息化部电子第五研究所环境与绿色发展中心,广东广州511300

出　　处：《云南化工》2025年第2期1-5,共5页Yunnan Chemical Technology

基　　金：广州市科技计划项目(No:202201011745)。

摘　　要：介绍了废旧纺织品循环利用的重要性,特别是废旧涤棉混纺织物中涤纶纤维和棉纤维分离技术的关键性,简述了当前主流的涤棉纤维分离技术,包括醇解法、酸解法、碱解法、水热法、离子液体法、生物酶法和复合分离法等,通过对比分析这些技术的优势和局限,提出了寻求一种更加环境友好、安全可控、适用范围广、有利于纤维高值化利用的涤棉纤维分离回收技术的必要性。在此基础上,分析了气浮沉淀法在物质分离领域的应用潜力,创新性地提出了利用气浮沉淀法分离废旧涤棉纤维的研究方向,并从理论层面分析其应用过程,为废旧纺织品循环利用技术发展提供了新的思路和方法。The article introduced the importance of recycling waste textiles,especially the key technology of separating polyester fibers and cotton fibers in waste polyester cotton blended fabrics.It briefly described the current mainstream polyester cotton fiber separation technologies,inclu-ding alcoholysis,acid hydrolysis,alkali hydrolysis,thermal hydrolysis,ionic liquid method,enzymatic method,and composite separation method.The advantages and limitations of these technologies were compared and analyzed,and the necessity of seeking a more environmentally friendly,safe and controllable,widely applicable,and beneficial polyester cotton fiber separation and recycling technology for high-value fiber utilization was proposed.On this basis,the article analyzed the potential application of flotation sedimentation in material separation,and innovatively pro-posed the research direction of using air flotation precipitation method to separate waste polyester cotton fibers,and analyzed its application process from a theoretical perspective,providing new ideas and methods for the development of waste textile recycling technology.

关 键 词：废旧纺织品 棉纤维 涤纶纤维 优缺点对比 创新方法 气浮沉淀法 循环利用 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程] TS102[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程]