人居环境中常见固体废物热解研究进展  

Research Progress on Pyrolysis of Common Solid Waste in Human Settlements

作　　者：杜森 秦芳玲[1] 金敏 DU Sen;QIN Fangling;JIN Min(College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Xi'an Shiyou University,Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Environmental Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Technologiesin Oil and Gas Field,Xi'an 710065,China)

机构地区：[1]西安石油大学化学化工学院,陕西省环境污染控制技术与储层保护重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《云南化工》2025年第2期6-10,共5页Yunnan Chemical Technology

摘　　要：固体废物热解技术可在无氧或缺氧条件下,将农林废弃物、城市有机垃圾、塑料和轮胎等废物转化为气体燃料、液体油和固体残渣。热解过程主要受温度、加热速率、粒度和催化剂影响。热解产物用途广泛:液体油可转化为生物柴油或化学品;气体燃料可用于发电;固体残渣可用于土壤改良和碳封存。该技术已应用于处理多类固体废物,全球有多个商业化和示范工程在运行。然而,其产业化仍面临技术成熟度不高、经济效益不明显等挑战。未来需加强基础研究和工程实践,优化工艺,降低成本,提高能源效率,并加强政策支持。作为替代焚烧的处理方法,该技术具有能源回收和资源化优势,但大规模应用仍需克服技术经济障碍。Solid waste pyrolysis technology can convert agricultural and forestry waste,municipal organic waste,plastics,and tires into gaseous fu-els,liquid oils,and solid residues under oxygen free or oxygen deficient conditions.The pyrolysis process is mainly influenced by temperature,heating rate,particle size,and catalysts.Pyrolysis products have diverse applications:liquid oils can be converted into biodiesel or chemicals;gaseous fuels can be used for power generation;and solid residues can be used for soil improvement and carbon sequestration.This technology has been applied to treat various types of solid waste,with multiple commercial and demonstration projects operating globally.However,its indus-trialization still faces challenges such as insufficient technological maturity and unclear economic benefits.Future development requires strength-ened basic research and engineering practice,process optimization,cost reduction,improved energy efficiency,and enhanced policy support.As an alternative to incineration,this technology offers advantages in energy recovery and resource utilization,but large scale applications still need to overcome technical and economic barriers.

关 键 词：固体废物 热解 利用途径和技术 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]