湖南强制隔离所戒毒人员社会人口学因素和毒品使用模式与毒品渴求的中介效应  

Mediation effect of socio-demographic factors,drug use patterns,and drug craving among drug abusers in Hunan compulsory isolation centers

作　　者：郑欣宇 杨萍[2] 杨超 ZHENG Xinyu;YANG Ping;YANG Chao(The Fourth People's Hospital of Urumqi,Urumqi 830037,China;The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province)

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐第四人民医院,830037 [2]湖南省第二人民医院

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2025年第3期371-377,共7页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：湖南省重点研发项目(编号:2022SK2163);湖南省中西医防治精神障碍临床研究中心(编号:2023SK2040)。

摘　　要：目的:探究湖南戒毒人员社会人口学因素和毒品使用模式对毒品渴求的影响,以及各因素的中介效应,为减轻戒毒人员毒品成瘾提供新的治疗路径和方向。方法:使用一般情况调查表、毒品渴求度自评量表、毒品渴求量表对2023年3-7月湖南省两个强制隔离中心761位吸毒人员进行社会人口学因素问卷调查,数据清洗后采用Spearman秩相关对各影响因素进行相关性分析,采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析,Bootstrap法对中介效应进行显著性检验,检验路径的直接、间接及总体效应。结果:社会人口学因素分析结果显示,渴求度与文化水平、就业情况、人均收入、家庭气氛、使用年限、使用量等因素呈现显著正相关(r=0.088~0.25,P<0.05)。毒品种类中,渴求度与摇头丸、K粉、海洛因等因素呈显著正相关(r=0.074~0.108,P<0.05),与冰毒、麻果的相关性不显著(P>0.05);吸食方式中,渴求度与鼻吸、注射呈显著相关(r=-0.117~0.155,P<0.01)。此外分析结果还显示戒毒人员文化水平与就业状况、家庭氛围之间,就业状况与家庭气氛、使用年限、使用量之间,家庭气氛与使用年限、使用量之间,使用年限与使用量之间均存在显著相关性。中介效应显著性检验发现家庭气氛对渴求度具有直接效应(r=0.616,P<0.01),使用量在其中可起到部分中介作用,使用年限在低文化与毒品渴求之间具有完全中介作用。结论:湖南戒毒人员毒品渴求度主要为无渴求和低渴求,家庭氛围对其有显著的直接效应。就业状况对渴求度的影响很大程度上是通过使用年限作为中介变量间接实现。使用年限、使用量在社会人口学因素影响毒品渴求度中具有中介作用。Objective:To explore the influence of drug addicts in Hunan socio-demographic factors and drug use patterns on drug craving and the mediating effects of each factor,to provide a new treatment path and direction for drug addiction reduction.Methods:A total of 761drug users in two mandatory isolation areas in Hunan Province,China from March to July 2023were surveyed using the general situation questionnaire,the self-assessment scale for drug craving,and the drug craving scale.Spearman's rank correlation was employed to conduct a correlation analysis on various influencing factors after data cleaning,and SPSS 20.0software was used for statistical analysis.Bootstrap method was used to test the significance of the mediating effect and examine the direct,indirect,and overall effects of the pathway.Results:Analysis of demographic factors revealed that the level of craving displayed a significantly positive correlation with factors such as education level,employment status,per capita income,family atmosphere,duration of use,and amount of use(r=0.088~0.25,P<0.05).Among drug types,craving showed a significantly positive correlation with ecstasy,ketamine,and heroin(r=0.074~0.108,P<0.05),but not with methamphetamine or methcathinone.Regarding modes of drug intake,craving was significantly correlated with nasal inhalation and injection(r=-0.117~0.155,P<0.01).Furthermore,the analysis results also showed significant correlations between the education level of drug rehabilitants and their employment status,as well as family atmosphere;between employment status and family atmosphere,duration of use,and amount of use;between family atmosphere and duration of use,as well as amount of use;and between duration of use and amount of use.Mediation effect significance tests indicated that family atmosphere had a direct effect on the level of craving(r=0.616,P<0.01),with amount of use playing apartial mediating role.Duration of use fully mediated the relationship between low education level and drug craving.Conclusion:The drug craving lev

关 键 词：毒品 毒品渴求 中介效应 家庭气氛 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学]