磁场能量收集中整流桥输出特性与开路电压法最大功率点确定方法  

The Output Characteristics of Rectifier Bridge and Maximum Power Point Determination by Open-circuit Voltage Method in Magnetic Field Energy Harvesting

作　　者：赵宜栋 彭晗 肖洪飞 刘沣仪 孙寒燚 ZHAO Yidong;PENG Han;XIAO Hongfei;LIU Fengyi;SUN Hanyi(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology(Huazhong University of Science and Technology),Wuhan 430074,Hubei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]强电磁技术全国重点实验室(华中科技大学),湖北省武汉市430074

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2025年第4期1563-1574,I0028,共13页PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHINESE SOCIETY FOR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFB2401600);台达电力电子科教发展计划。

摘　　要：磁场能量收集是能源互联网中无线传感器供电的有效方法。磁场能量收集器(magnetic field energy harvester,MFEH)需要配合串联匹配电容、整流桥和DC-DC变换器以实现能量的最大功率提取与传输。然而,由MFEH与匹配电容和整流桥构成的高阶非线性电路无法采用低阶简化模型对其输出特性展开分析。因匹配电容与等效电感谐振,整流桥的开路电压可能超过MFEH的交流开路电压峰值,不能简单地将MFEH的交流开路电压峰值视为整流桥的开路电压。为此,文中采用相量法和高斯-赛德尔迭代法建立高阶非线性整流桥的稳态最佳输出电压的精准模型;采用四阶-五阶龙格库塔自适应方法提取整流桥的暂态开路输出特性,实现非侵入式磁场能量收集的自供电的低功耗开路电压法最大功率跟踪方案。该研究可为磁场能量收集系统最大功率点的确定和开路电压法中参数的设定提供理论支撑。Magnetic field energy harvesting shows promise for powering wireless sensors in the energy internet.The magnetic field energy harvester(MFEH)needs to be combined with series-matched capacitors,rectifier bridge,and DC-DC converter to achieve maximum power extraction and transmission.However,the existing low-order simplified models cannot adequately analyze the output characteristics of the high-order nonlinear circuit comprising the MFEH,series-matched capacitors,and rectifier bridge.Due to the resonance between the series-matched capacitors and the equivalent inductor,the open-circuit voltage of the rectifier bridge has the potential to exceed the peak AC open-circuit voltage of the MFEH,which cannot be simply equated to the open-circuit voltage of the rectifier bridge without careful consideration.The phasor method and Gauss-Seidel iterative method are employed to establish an accurate model for the steady-state optimal output voltage of the high-order nonlinear rectifier bridge.The transient open-circuit output characteristics of the rectifier bridge are extracted using the fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta adaptive method.Furthermore,a self-powered low-power open-circuit voltage method for the maximum power point tracking scheme using free-standing MFEH is implemented.The research presented establishes a theoretical foundation for determining the maximum power point of the MFEH system and designing the parameters of the open-circuit voltage method.

关 键 词：磁场能量收集器 整流桥 开路电压法 最大功率点跟踪 稳态最佳输出电压 开路暂态电压 

分 类 号：TM619[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]