论“人的自由而全面发展”的人权法理  

On the Human Rights Jurisprudence of“Free and Well-rounded Development of People”

作　　者：刘志强 何晨 LIU Zhiqiang;HE Chen(Institute for Human Rights,Guangzhou University)

机构地区：[1]广州大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权法学》2025年第1期1-23,153,154,共25页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金重点项目“当代中国人权观理论整合体系研究”(22AZD112)。

摘　　要：“人的自由而全面发展”,可以析分为关于人权的“人的生存”“人的幸福”和“人的繁荣”三种类型,从中相应地提取三种人权法理:道德法理、规范法理和事实法理。作为道德法理的“人的生存”,由人的自然属性、社会属性、交往属性所构成,涵盖个体、共同体及多元主体之间的内在联系,以平等商谈为前提的交往理性范式为“人的自由而全面发展”提供了可能性。作为规范法理的“人的幸福”,由目的规范、制度规范和法律规范构成,“人的自由而全面发展”在人权规范化和规范人权化中完成幸福权利的合法性证立。作为事实法理的“人的繁荣”,以自由全面为实质要件、以平等共享和系统合作为形式要件,在价值内核、价值共识和价值经验的交互中度量“人的自由而全面发展”。三重法理环环相扣、层层递进,体现了道德人权向规范人权再向实有人权的不断转换。The concept of“free and well-rounded development of people”can be deconstructed into three interrelated dimensions:“the existence of people”,“the happiness of people”and“the prosperity of people”.From this framework,three corresponding principles of human rights jurisprudence—moral,normative,and factual principles—can be extracted,thus forming a“trinitarian”logical structure in academic theory.The moral principle that underscores the foundational and priority role of the existence of people in the concept of“free and well-rounded development of people”provides both the moral basis and the rational justification for the norms of human rights law,and can be regarded as a fundamental“meta-theory”.As a moral principle,“the existence of people”consists of humans'natural,social,and communicative attributes.It covers the intrinsic connections among individuals,communities and multiple subjects,with the paradigm of communicative rationality—predicated on equality and dialogue—providing the possibility for“free and well-rounded development of people”.Normative principle is primarily concerned with the promotion of the happiness of people,placing a significant emphasis on human rights that are recognized and safeguarded through legal frameworks and the rule of law.It critically examines the current legal order and the corresponding institutional mechanisms that support it.As a normative principle,“the happiness of people”consists of objective norms,institutional norms,and legal norms.In this context,the“free and well-rounded development of people”establishes the legitimacy of the right to happiness through the standardization of human rights and the humanization of legal norms.Factual principle corresponds to actual human rights and refers to the actual state of human rights at a particular stage and within a specific region.It emphasizes human rights that can be realized,enjoyed,and exercised.As a factual principle,“the prosperity of people”is understood to encompass

关 键 词：“人的自由而全面发展” 当代中国人权观 中国式现代化 人权法理 

分 类 号：D815.7[政治法律—国际关系]