东盟人权立场:话语转变及其特征  

The Evolution and Characteristics of ASEAN's Human Rights Stance and Discourse

作　　者：何涵虚 HE Hanxu(Human Rights Institute,Southwest University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学人权研究院

出　　处：《人权法学》2025年第1期64-77,157-159,共17页Journal of Human Rights Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“习近平总书记关于尊重和保障人权的重要论述研究”(22&ZD004);教育部2022年度国家人权教育与培训基地重大项目“中国共产党近代人权话语的形成与演变研究(1921-1949)”(22JJD820039)。

摘　　要：人权并不是东盟早期的工作重点,直到1993年才被东盟纳入官方话语。东盟对人权的总体态度经历了战略性忽视、争辩与抵制及接纳与内化三个阶段,受到东盟国家国情、地区局势变化、人权全球化、智库机构呼吁倡导的多方影响。基于现实情况和本土实践,东盟确定了以“尊重普遍性,强调特殊性”“主权高于人权”“去政治化”“权利与义务相统一”“生存权发展权高位阶性”等观念为核心的人权立场和话语,造就了东南亚自主的地区身份叙事,确立了与西方国家所谓的普遍人权观不同的人权观,彰显了东盟人权的本土立场。“Human rights”were not an initial priority for ASEAN,and the Bangkok Declaration,which marked the establishment of the organization,made no mention of human rights.However,following the Cold War,ASEAN began to engage in discussions about human rights.By 1993,“human rights”were formally incorporated into ASEAN's official discourse,signaling an intent to establish a corresponding human rights institution.In practice,ASEAN's human rights stance and discourse have evolved through a process of“avoidance”,“debate”,and ultimately“acceptance”,reflecting the complex interplay of international dynamics,regional development,and the diverse political realities of Southeast Asian nations.During the strategic avoidance phase(1967-1992),ASEAN countries,having recently emerged from the constraints of colonialism,prioritized nation-building over human rights.At this stage,the region faced more immediate and pressing concerns,such as completing the process of“decolonization”,addressing domestic ethnic relations,maintaining territorial sovereignty,and ensuring political stability—all of which were integral to national security and development.Consequently,human rights did not emerge as a priority for ASEAN during this period.In the debate and resistance phase(1993-1997),the conclusion of the Cold War and internal political changes within ASEAN countries led to human rights becoming a part of ASEAN's official discourse,driven by both internal and external pressures.However,the adaptation of Western human rights norms to the ASEAN context proved challenging,leading to a“great debate”on human rights.This debate centered on three key issues:first,criticisms of the hypocrisy inherent in Western idea of human rights;second,the perception that Western liberal ideology dominated human rights discussions,reflecting Western moral imperialism and failing to account for the cultural traditions of Southeast Asia;and third,the view that the Western prioritization of civil and political rights over social,economic,an

关 键 词：东盟 人权 人权立场和话语 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]