三维激光扫描技术和有限元在古木建筑变形检测中的应用  

Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology and Finite Element Method in Deformation Detection of Ancient Wooden Building

作　　者：高勇 王迪 刘伟 梁小勇[2] Gao Yong;Wang Di;Liu Wei;Liang Xiaoyong(Hebei Institute of Cultural Heritage and Ancient Architecture Preservation,Shijiazhuang 050061,China;School of Civil Engineering,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang 050018,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省文物与古建筑保护研究院,石家庄050061 [2]河北科技大学建筑工程学院,石家庄050018

出　　处：《科技通报》2025年第2期21-25,共5页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目青年基金(QN2020413)。

摘　　要：构件变形损坏是木结构古建筑破坏的重要原因,本文为检测北岳庙德宁之殿顶部木梁的受力与变形情况,对其展开现场三维激光扫描,通过处理点云数据得到中跨木梁结构的曲面模型,对其正视投影展开挠度测量;同时建立木梁的有限元模型,对其进行应力分析与位移分析。结果表明:在长期荷载作用下木梁产生了较大变形,其挠度从梁左端向右端逐渐增大,右端上下荷载偏移处挠度最大,约为7.7~7.9 cm;由于木梁上下受集中荷载有较大偏移,木梁产生了应力集中现象,由两端支座处向集中荷载偏移处梁的剪应力逐渐增大,最大达到约3.14 MPa;木梁右端上下部所受荷载的较大偏移导致了梁受力不均匀,可能对结构的安全性造成一定威胁。The deformation damage of components is an important reason for the destruction of ancient timber buildings,to investigate the stress and deformation of the wooden beam in the Hall of Dening,Beiyue Temple,3D laser scanning was carried out,the surface model of the mid-span wooden beam structure was obtained by processing the point cloud data,and the deflection was measured by the frontal projection;And the finite element model of the wooden beam was established,the stress and displacement analysis were carried out.The results showed that:The deflection of the beam increases gradually from left to right,and the deflection of the upper and lower load deviation at the right end is the largest,about 7.7-7.9 cm;The shear stress of the beam increases gradually from the two ends of the support to the offset of the concentrated load,reaching a maximum of about 3.14 MPa;The large deviation of the load on the upper and lower part of the right end of the wooden beam leads to the uneven load of the beam,which may pose a threat to the safety of the structure.

关 键 词：工程测量 三维激光扫描 古建筑 三维建模 有限元 

分 类 号：TN249[电子电信—物理电子学]