强动压巷道围岩裂变效应及其主控裂隙联动破坏  

Effects of Surrounding Rock Cracks and Linkage Failure of Main Control Cracks in Strong Dynamic Pressure Roadways

作　　者：刘亚明 LIU Yaming(Jinhuagong Mine,Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Datong 037016,China)

机构地区：[1]晋能控股煤业集团有限责任公司晋华宫煤矿,山西大同037016

出　　处：《山西煤炭》2025年第1期32-41,共10页Shanxi Coal

摘　　要：针对深部开采强动压巷道围岩稳定性控制问题,分析和概括了强动压煤巷在深部开采过程中采掘扰动特别强烈的4类区域环境。基于断裂力学理论、现场工程调查并借鉴岩石力学试验结果,分析了深部强动压巷道顶、帮、底围岩变形破坏的裂纹萌生、稳定扩展、加速贯通直至断裂的裂变效应;分别从开挖卸荷响应、动力响应、离层及裂纹扩展效应、变形及破裂扩散联动效应、底板上向挠曲效应、煤帮整体与局部形变响应等角度,分别详细阐述了强动压煤巷围岩的裂变效应。揭示了顶、帮、底围岩内部裂隙特别是在裂变效应中起关键作用的主控裂隙的发育和演化规律,并整体论述了强动压煤巷顶、帮、底围岩形变蓄能、裂变联动演化、主控裂隙联动破坏的全程力学作用机制,进而从裂变效应的角度阐明了煤巷围岩动力破坏的力学演化机制。主控裂隙的发育和演化对巷道围岩的完整性和稳定性具有决定性的作用。基于强动压巷道围岩裂变效应及其主控裂隙的联动破坏,提出了从控制变形弯曲、控制破裂离层、抑制主控裂隙发展贯通等3个层面进行围岩控制的思路,强调了增强围岩可锚性、整体性,增大支护对围岩主控裂隙萌生抗力和扩展抗力的重要作用,为深部巷道的支护设计、围岩稳定性控制提供了理论参考依据。Regarding the stability control of roadway surrounding rock under strong dynamic pressure in deep mining,this study summarizes four types of regional environments with strong mining disturbance in strong dynamic pressure roadways.Based on fracture mechanics theory,field engineering investigation,and rock mechanics test,the study analyzes the effects of crack initiation,stable propagation,accelerated penetration,and fracture in the deformation and failure of top,sides,and bottom supporting rock in strong dynamic pressure roadways.The effects of surrounding rock cracks under strong dynamic pressure were elaborated from various aspects,including excavation unloading response,dynamic response,separation and crack propagation,deformation and fracture diffusion,floor upward flexure,and overall and local deformation responses of coal walls.The study reveals the development and evolution laws of internal cracks of the top,sides,and bottom surrounding rock,especially the crucial main control cracks.It also discusses the complete mechanical mechanism,including deformation and energy storage,fracture linkage evolution,and linkage failure of the main control cracks,thereby elucidating the mechanical evolution mechanism of dynamic failure in terms of the crack effects.The development and evolution of the main control cracks play a decisive role in the integrity and stability of the roadway surrounding rock.Based on the effects of surrounding rock cracks and linkage failure of the main control cracks in strong dynamic pressure roadway,the study proposes a three-level approach:controlling deformation and bending,controlling fracture and separation,and suppressing the development and penetration of the main control cracks.It emphasizes the importance of enhancing the anchorability and integrity of surrounding rock and increasing support resistance against the initiation and propagation of the main control cracks,providing a theoretical reference for support design and surrounding rock stability control of deep roadways.

关 键 词：深部开采 围岩裂隙演化、主控裂隙 裂变效应 围岩动力破坏 采掘扰动环境 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]