两栖爬行类动物细菌耐药性研究进展  

Advances in Antimicrobial Resistance of Amphibians and Reptiles

作　　者：崔桐恺 储锦华 郭雅丽 李如梦 秦子涵 程古月 Cui Tong-kai;Chu Jin-hua;Guo Ya-i;Li Ru-meng;Qin Zi-han;Cheng Gu-yue(College of Veterinary Medicine,College of Animal Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070;National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学动物科学技术学院动物医学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学国家兽药残留基准实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《国外医药(抗生素分册)》2025年第1期23-31,共9页World Notes on Antibiotics

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划(No.2022YFD1800402);国家自然科学基金(No.32072921);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金(No.BC2023122)。

摘　　要：两栖爬行类动物是沙门菌等人畜共患病病原体的主要携带者,对于人类与两栖爬行动物均有危害。常见的传播途径为人类食用和饲养等方式直接与两栖爬行类动物发生接触,从而感染细菌。近年来由于抗生素类药物的长期使用,以及耐药基因与耐药细菌通过受污染的土壤、水、食物或其他载体在野生动物和圈养动物中传播,两栖爬行类动物中部分细菌已发生了分化并产生了耐药菌株,进一步对人类与两栖爬行类动物的健康构成威胁,具有潜在的公共卫生问题。经查阅相关文献发现在蛇类和龟类为主的相关研究里存在有至少对一种抗生素具有耐药性的细菌,且从不同物种中分离到的同属细菌在不同抗生素的敏感度上面具有一定相似性。而在蛙类和蝾螈等其他两栖爬行类细菌耐药性方面的研究数量相对较少,但是部分文献检测到从两栖类动物中分离出的细菌具有多种抗生素耐药的基因,这些耐药基因可能随着蛇类等其他爬行动物的捕食行为从两栖类转移到爬行动物身上,造成耐药性的转移,但目前仍没有相关研究来针对这一机制进行证明。本综述旨在对两栖爬行类动物细菌的耐药性研究进行阐述和总结,并为减少抗生素耐药性在两栖爬行类动物中的传播提出相关建议。Amphibians and reptiles are the main carriers of zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella,which are harmful to both humans and amphibian reptiles.The common transmission route is direct contact between humans and amphibian reptiles through eating,feeding,and other means,resulting in bacterial infection.Some bacteria in amphibian reptiles have differentiated and produced drug-resistant strains in recent years due to long-term antibiotic use,as well as the spread of drug-resistant genes and bacteria in wild animals and captive animals through contaminated soil,water,food,or other carriers.This poses a risk to humans and amphibian reptiles,with potential public health issues.Through literature review,it was found that there are at least one antibiotic-resistant bacterium in related studies mainly focused on snakes and turtles,and the same genus of bacteria isolated from different species have a certain similarity in the sensitivity to different antibiotics.On the other hand,there are relatively few studies on the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in other amphibians and reptiles,such as frogs and salamanders.However,some literature has detected that bacteria isolated from amphibians have multiple antibiotic resistance genes.These resistance genes may be transferred from amphibians to reptiles with the predation behavior of other reptiles,such as snakes,resulting in the transfer of antibiotic resistance.However,there is still no relevant research to prove this mechanism.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the literature on the antibiotic resistance of bacteria in amphibians and reptiles and to make pertinent recommendations for mitigating the spread of antibiotic resistance in these species.

关 键 词：两栖爬行类动物 抗生素耐药性 蛇 蜥蜴 耐药基因 

分 类 号：R978[医药卫生—药品]