以职工为主体构建婴幼儿照护支持体系:基于专用型人力资本投资的视角  

Constructing Child Care Support System with Formal Employees as the Focus:From the Perspective of Investment in Specialized Human Capital

作　　者：陆明涛 LU Mingtao

机构地区：[1]首都经济贸易大学经济学院,北京100070

出　　处：《学习与实践》2025年第2期101-111,共11页Study and Practice

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标课题“基于中国实践的经济增长理论创新研究”(项目编号:22&ZD053)。

摘　　要：生育对女性劳动者职业生涯的负面影响是女性生育决策的重要因素。本文基于专用型人力资本模型思想,认为弥补生育对职业生涯损失的关键在于为劳动者找到专用型人力资本积累的机制。用人单位可用向职工提供婴幼儿照护服务作为打破专用型人力资本投资过程中双向套牢问题的承诺机制,甄别有长期计划的劳动者并与他们一起投资专用型人力资本,进而使得劳动者从投资专用型人力资本中获得更高职业生涯收入,用人单位建设甄别出并投资于长期计划劳动者积累专用型人力资本以实现用人单位劳动生产率提升,政府以单位支持的婴幼儿照护为抓手实现提振生育率和产业升级的良性循环。The negative impact of childbirth on the life careers of female workers is an important concern for women's fertility decision-making.Finding a mechanism to compensate for their career losses is the key to improving the fertility rate.Based on the model of specialized human capital,this paper analyzes and finds that the key to compensating for the career losses caused by childbirth is to find a mechanism for the accumulation of specialized human capital for workers.This paper claims that employers can provide child care services to employees as a commitment mechanism to break the two-sided holdup problem in investing specialized human capital,screen out workers with long-term plans and invest in specialized human capital on them,so that workers can obtain higher career income from higher specialized human capital,and employers can target and invest in employees with long horizons to accumulate specialized human capital to improve firm labor productivity.The government can use child care service supported by employers as a policy channel to achieve a virtuous cycle of boosting fertility and industrial upgrading.

关 键 词：婴幼儿照护 专用型人力资本 生育率 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理]