多体动力学和声固耦合分析轮系的振动与噪声  

Analysis of Vibration and Noise of Gear Trains by Multibody Dynamics and Acoustic-Structure Coupling

作　　者：毕少华 潘腾跃 杨菲 沈新民 杨小翠 彭文强 BI Shaohua;PAN Tengyue;YANG Fei;SHEN Xinmin;YANG Xiaocui;PENG Wenqiang(College of Field Engineering,Army Engineering University of PLA,Nanjing 210007,China;College of Aerospace Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Engineering Training Center,Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology,Nanjing 210023,China;College of Aerospace Science and Engineering,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军工程大学野战工程学院,江苏南京210007 [2]南京航空航天大学航空学院,江苏南京210016 [3]南京工业职业技术大学工程技术实训中心,江苏南京210023 [4]国防科技大学空天科学学院,湖南长沙410073

出　　处：《陆军工程大学学报》2025年第1期95-104,共10页Journal of Army Engineering University of PLA

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金(12004178)和面上项目(52075538);江苏省青蓝工程项目(202050223RS004)

摘　　要：为定量分析轮系振动到噪声辐射的因果关系,准确描述噪声辐射空间分布,构建了齿轮副及复合轮系的有限元仿真模型,运用多体动力学原理分析了齿轮啮合过程中的位移、应力和刚度变化,并结合声固耦合理论研究了轮系各轴的角速度和角加速度变化以及主要噪声范围。在外壳6个面中心点1 m处设置麦克风,定量分析了输入转速和输出扭矩对500~5000 Hz频率范围内噪声声压级的影响。仿真结果表明,输入转速从300 rad/s提高到700 rad/s时,A计权总声压级从62.68 dB增至77.92 dB;输出扭矩从60 N·m提高到140 N·m时,A计权总声压级从65.08 dB增至68.50 dB;麦克风2处噪声声压级最大,在输入转速700 rad/s、输出扭矩100 N·m时,A计权总声压级达83.16 dB。分析复合轮系的振动特性与噪声频谱,为轮系安装位置选择、减振器选型和隔声罩设计提供了参考依据。To quantitatively analyze the causal relationship between gear train vibration and noise radiation,and accurately describe the spatial distribution of noise radiation,the finite element simulation models for gear pairs and compound gear trains were constructed.With the principles of multibody dynamics,the changes in displacement,stress,and stiffness during gear meshing were analyzed.Additionally,combined with the theory of structural-acoustic coupling,the variations in angular velocity and angular acceleration of each shaft in the gear train,as well as the primary noise ranges,were investigated.The microphones positioned 1 m from the casing's six face centers quantified the impact of input rotational speed and output torque on noise sound pressure levels between 500 and 5000 Hz.The simulation results indicate that when the input rotational speed increases from 300 rad/s to 700 rad/s,the A-weighted overall sound pressure level(SPL)rises from 62.68 dB to 77.92 dB.Similarly,when the output torque increases from 60 N·m to 140 N·m,the A-weighted overall SPL increases from 65.08 dB to 68.50 dB.The noise SPL is highest at Microphone 2,reaching an A-weighted overall SPL of 83.16 dB at an input rotational speed of 700 rad/s and an output torque of 100 N·m.These findings on vibration and noise characteristics of the compound gear train provides a reference basis for selecting the installation position of the gear train,choosing the type of vibration damper,and designing acoustic enclosures.

关 键 词：复合轮系 振动与噪声 多体动力学 声固耦合 有限元仿真 噪声频谱 

分 类 号：TE991.8[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]