优秀撑竿跳高运动员持竿助跑阶段动作诊断  

Diagnosis of the Movement of Excellent Pole Vault Athletes During the Run-up with Poles

作　　者：信聪聪 胡兆钰 杨爽爽 孙明运 周浩祥 XIN Congcong;HU Zhaoyu;YANG Shuangshuang;SUN Mingyun;ZHOU Haoxiang(School of Physical Education,Anqing Normal University,246000,Anqing,Anhui,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学体育学院,安徽安庆246000

出　　处：《淮北师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期73-77,共5页Journal of Huaibei Normal University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：安庆师范大学教授科研基金项目(81902307)。

摘　　要：为探讨我国男子撑竿跳高运动员运动成绩与助跑阶段技术之间关系,运用视频解析,录像解析等方法,对全国田径冠军赛暨世锦赛及亚运会选拔赛和全国田径锦标赛前5名运动员技术动作进行数字化采集,获取关键运动学参数,并与2018年世界室内田径锦标赛男子撑竿跳高前8名国外运动员关键运动学参数进行对比。结果表明:国内组撑竿跳高运动员助跑节奏不稳定,缩短步长后助跑速度无提升;国内组相较于国外组举竿时间较晚,倒一步持竿角度远低于国外组,以致于国内撑竿跳高运动员没有充分利用撑竿的翻转力,不利于获得足够的持竿助跑速度;国内组重心腾起角要远大于国外运动员,且不在世界优秀腾起角度区间内,说明水平速度和垂直速度分配不够合理。国内组需加强倒二步和倒一步速度训练,确保在起跳前能够达到最佳助跑速度状态。提前进行举竿动作,控制起跳瞬间腾起角度,加强跳高动作稳定性和效果,以提高最终成绩。In order to explore the relationship between the athletic performance of Chinese men′s pole vaulters and their run-up techniques,the technique movements of the top 5 athletes in the National Track and Field Championships and the World Championships,the Asian Games trials and the National Track and Field Championships were digitally collected and the key kinematic parameters were obtained.The key kinematic parameters were compared with the top 8 foreign athletes in the men′s pole vault at the 2018 World Indoor Athletics Championships.The results show that the running rhythm of the pole vaulters in the domestic group is unstable,and the running speed has not improved after shortening the step length.Compared with the foreign group,the pole lifting time in the domestic group is relatively late,and the pole holding angle is much lower than that of the foreign group,so that the domestic pole vault athletes do not make full use of the reversing force of the pole,which is not conducive to obtaining enough speed.The lifting angle of the center of gravity of the domestic group is much larger than that of the foreign athletes,and it is not in the range of the world′s excellent lifting angle,indicating that the distribution of horizontal speed and vertical speed is not reasonable.The domestic team needs to strengthen the backward two step and backward step speed training to ensure that the best run-up speed can be achieved before the jump.It is demonstrated that the final result can be improved by carrying out rod lifting action in advance,controlling the lifting angle of the jump moment,strengthening the stability and effect of the high jump action.

关 键 词：男子撑竿跳高 助跑技术 角度 动作诊断 倒二步 

分 类 号：G823.2[文化科学—体育训练]