论违约救济的填平原则——以《民法典》第584条为中心  

On the Principle of Full Compensation in Contractual Damages With a Focus on Article 584 of the Chinese Civil Code

作　　者：王利明[1] Wang Liming(Civil and Commercial Legal Science Research Center,Renmin University of China,Beijing,100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学民商事法律科学研究中心,北京100872

出　　处：《政法论丛》2025年第1期38-53,共16页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科重大项目“我国民法典实施中的重大疑难问题研究”(项目编号:23&ZD152)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：填平原则是违约救济的基本原则,该原则的正当性体现为维护矫正正义、保护交易预期、救济受害人的损失。填平原则包括积极功能和消极功能两方面,就积极功能而言,该原则确立了实际损失赔偿与可得利益损失赔偿可以并存。在适用填平原则时,要明确实际损失与可得利益损失并存的具体情形,填平原则的消极功能有利于合理限制违约损害赔偿的范围,妥当平衡双方当事人的利益。填平原则的适用范围不限于法定损害赔偿,可扩张适用于合同司法终止后的违约责任承担、获利返还责任、违约金调整、定金责任与损害赔偿的并用等情形。The principle of full compensation is a fundamental principle of breach of contract remedies.Its legitimacy lies in upholding corrective justice,protecting transactional expectations,and compensating the non-breaching party's losses.The principle of full compensation includes both positive and negative functions.In terms of its positive function,this principle establishes that compensation for actual losses and for lost profits can coexist.When applying the principle of full compensation,it is important to clarify specific situations in which actual losses and lost profits coexist.The negative function of the full compensation principle helps reasonably limit the scope of damages for breach of contract,thereby appropriately balancing the interests of both parties.The application scope of the full compensation principle is not limited to statutory damages;it can be extended to cover situations such as the allocation of liability after judicial termination of the contract,the liability of gain-based damages,the adjustment of liquidated damages,and the concurrent use of deposit liability and damages,among other situations.

关 键 词：违约救济 填平原则 衡平原则 预防违约原则 效率违约 

分 类 号：DF52[政治法律—民商法学]