论基于民事交易习惯的出罪  

On the Decriminalization Based on Civil Transaction Customs

作　　者：周光权 Zhou Guangquan(Law School of Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院,北京100084

出　　处：《政法论丛》2025年第1期142-155,共14页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目《互联网经济的法治保障研究》(项目编号:18ZDA149)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：罪刑法定原则禁止仅根据习惯法对被告人定罪或进行重罚。但基于交易习惯出罪则是可能的。对于存在交易习惯但一方主张被害的情形,由于交易行为的正当化基础存在,可以将被告人的行为评价为没有制造和实现法益风险,认定其阻却构成要件。基于交易习惯的出罪事由有较为广泛的射程。对于存在交易习惯的场合,当事人之间的系列交易可自动纳入合同整体之中,对其中某些提货不付款等行为可以否定诈骗犯罪成立;对于存在与交易相关的强制性法律,当事人通过一定交易规避民事法律的情形,考虑到刑法所固有的违法性判断,否定结果归属也是可能的,从而否定“有货代开”行为构成虚开增值税专用发票罪,对托盘融资贸易行为不宜认定为诈骗罪。The principle of legality prohibits the conviction or heavy punishment of defendants based solely on customary law.However,it is possible to commit crimes based on trading habits.For the situation where there are trading habits but one party claims to be harmed,due to the existence of a legitimate basis for trading behavior,the defendant's behavior can be evaluated as having no risk of creating and realizing legal interests,and it can be determined that its obstruction constitutes an element.Reasons for guilt based on trading habits have a relatively wide range.For occasions where trading habits exist,a series of transactions between the parties can be included in the entire contract,and some behaviors such as picking up goods and not paying can negate the establishment of fraud crimes;For the situation where there are mandatory laws related to transactions and the parties circumvent civil laws through certain transactions,considering the illegality inherent in the criminal law,it is also possible to deny the attribution of the result,so that the act of"issuing goods on behalf of goods"constitutes a false issuance of value-added tax special invoices.The crime of pallet financing trade should not be recognized as a crime of fraud.

关 键 词：罪刑法定原则 交易习惯 被害人自我答责 阻却构成要件 刑法固有的违法性 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]