非法经营同类营业罪的规范构造  

The Normative Construction of the Crime of Illegal Operation of the Same Kind of Business

作　　者：杨绪峰 Yang Xufeng(Criminal Justice School of China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《政法论丛》2025年第1期171-184,共14页Journal of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“数字化犯罪参与的归责模式研究”(21BFX176)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：非法经营同类营业罪保护的是公司、企业的财产法益,不应掺入公共法益的内容,更不应强调“二元罪质”的构造。竞业禁止义务本质上是禁止利益冲突,“损失”和“获利”是利益冲突在不同主体视角下的两个面向,这契合公司法上归入权和损害赔偿请求权的思维方式。无论是剥夺“获利”的返还进路还是弥补“损失”的填补进路,都旨在保护公司、企业的经济利益,借助该思维方式可以统合本罪不同条款的解释逻辑。“国有公司、企业”仅限于国有独资公司、企业,其“董监高”实施非法竞业行为,获取非法利益尚未达到数额巨大但导致重大损失的,可考虑适用《刑法》第168条。本罪主体的认定可结合管理决策职权进行实质解释,但需顾及新《公司法》的基本取向。The crime of illegal operation of the same kind of business protects the property legal interests of companies and enterprises,and should not add the content of public legal interests,let alone emphasize the construction of"dual criminal nature".The essential requirement of non-competition obligation is to prohibit the conflict of interest."Loss"and"profit"are two aspects of the conflict of interest from different perspectives,which are in line with the thinking mode of disgorgement right and claim right of damages in the company law.Whether it is the return route of depriving"profits"or the filling route of compensating for"losses",both aim to protect the economic interests of companies and enterprises.With this way of thinking,the interpretation logic of different provisions of this crime can be integrated."State-owned companies and enterprises"are limited to solely state-owned companies and enterprises,whose"directors,supervisors,and senior executives"engage in illegal competition and obtain illegal benefits that have not reached a huge amount but have resulted in significant losses,Article 168 of the Criminal Law may be considered for application.The identification of the subject can be interpreted in essence according to the management decision-making authority,but the basic orientation of the new Company Law should be considered.

关 键 词：《刑法修正案(十二)》 财产法益 竞业禁止义务 利益冲突 归入权 

分 类 号：DF623[政治法律—刑法学]