面向车联网的多链并行区块链轻量级数据共享方案  

A lightweight data sharing scheme based on multi-chain parallel blockchain for the internet of vehicles

作　　者：张哲 范艳芳[1] 孙英伦 蔡英[1] 陈若愚[1] ZHANG Zhe;FAN Yanfang;SUN Yingun;CAI Ying;CHEN Ruoyu(College of Computer Science,Beijing Information Science&Technology University,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]北京信息科技大学计算机学院,北京102206

出　　处：《北京信息科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期52-59,共8页Journal of Beijing Information Science and Technology University(Science and Technology Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(61672106)。

摘　　要：为应对结合信誉机制的基于区块链的车联网数据共享方案在存储开销和信誉评估方面的挑战,提出了一种车联网环境下的轻量级多链并行区块链架构。该架构将账本结构由单链转化为交通数据链与信誉记录链并行的多链结构,允许对失去时效性的交通数据进行修剪以降低存储开销,同时保证了信誉记录的可追溯性;此外,设计了一种基于多权重融合的信誉机制,降低开关攻击和共谋攻击对信誉系统的影响,从而提升了共享数据的质量。仿真结果表明,所提方案的存储开销较传统单链架构显著降低,且信誉机制能够准确识别并评估不同车辆行为,抵御开关及共谋攻击。To deal with the challenges of storage overhead and reputation evaluation of blockchain-based data sharing schemes combined with reputation mechanisms for the internet of vehicles(IoV),a lightweight multi-chain parallel blockchain architecture in the IoV environment was proposed.The architecture transforms the ledger structure from a single chain to a multi-chain structure with a traffic data chain and a reputation record chain in parallel,which allows for the pruning of time-disabled traffic data to reduce the storage overhead while ensuring the traceability of the reputation record.In addition,areputation mechanism based on multi-weight fusion was designed to reduce the impact of on-off attacks and conspiracy attacks on the reputation system,thus improving the quality of shared data.Simulation results demonstrate that the storage overhead of the proposed scheme is significantly reduced compared to that of the traditional single-chain architecture,while the reputation mechanism can accurately identify and evaluate diverse vehicle behaviors and effectively mitigate on-off and conspiracy attacks.

关 键 词：区块链 车联网 存储开销 信誉机制 

分 类 号：TP399[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]