济宁市社区居民动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病风险感知的准确性及其影响因素分析  

Accuracy and influencing factors of risk perception for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among community residents in Jining

作　　者：高玲 刘岩 李娜[3] 谷颖 刘金涛 赵文文 Gao Ling;Liu Yan;Li Na;Gu Ying;Liu Jintao;Zhao Wenwen(Coronary Heart Disease Ward 5,Department of Cardiology,Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University,Jining 272000,China;Department of Breast Surgery,Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University,Jining 272000,China;Pulmonary and Esophageal Disease Ward,Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University,Jining 272000,China;Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Ward,Jining Cancer Hospital,Jining 272000,China;Coronary Heart Disease Ward 1,Department of Cardiology,Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University,Jining 272000,China)

机构地区：[1]济宁医学院附属医院心内科冠心病五病区,济宁272000 [2]济宁医学院附属医院乳腺外科,济宁272000 [3]济宁医学院附属医院肺食管病区,济宁272000 [4]济宁市肿瘤医院中西医结合病区,济宁272000 [5]济宁医学院附属医院心内科冠心病一病区,济宁272000

出　　处：《中华现代护理杂志》2025年第7期890-896,共7页Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81700230)。

摘　　要：目的调查济宁市社区居民对动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病(ASCVD)风险感知的准确性及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,于2022年9月—2023年12月选取济宁市8个社区的社区居民为研究对象。采用一般情况问卷、客观ASCVD风险评估、中文版心血管疾病风险态度和信念量表(ABCD-C)、2018年全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷和自制自我报告的健康状况问卷进行调查。结果955名社区居民中,准确估计自己ASCVD风险者325名、低估者173名、高估者457名。受教育水平和健康素养是社区居民高估ASCVD风险的影响因素(P<0.05);受教育水平、健康素养、ASCVD家族史和自评健康状况是社区居民低估ASCVD风险的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论济宁市社区居民低估自己ASCVD风险者比例较高。护理人员在进行ASCVD一级预防的宣教工作中,要注意结合济宁市地域和人文特点,对不同教育和健康素养水平的居民开展个性化宣教,对无ASCVD家族史和自评健康状况良好的居民要重点防止其低估自身ASCVD风险。Objective To investigate the accuracy of risk perception for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(ASCVD)among community residents in Jining and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Using a multistage cluster random sampling method,community residents from eight communities in Jining were selected between September 2022 and December 2023.Data were collected using a general demographic questionnaire,objective ASCVD risk assessment,the Chinese version of the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease Risk Questionnaire-Chinese Version(ABCD-C),the 2018 National Health Literacy Monitoring Survey,and a Self-reported Health Status Questionnaire.Results Among 955 residents,325 accurately estimated their ASCVD risk,173 underestimated it,and 457 overestimated it.Education level and health literacy were influencing factors for overestimating ASCVD risk(P<0.05),while education level,health literacy,family history of ASCVD,and self-reported health status were influencing factors for underestimating ASCVD risk(P<0.05).Conclusions A significant proportion of Jining community residents underestimated their ASCVD risk.Nurses conducting ASCVD primary prevention education should provide tailored health education based on the local characteristics and cultural background of Jining.Special attention should be given to residents with lower education levels and health literacy,as well as those without a family history of ASCVD or with self-perceived good health,to prevent underestimation of their ASCVD risk.

关 键 词：动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病 一级预防 风险感知 预测模型 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]