地下水污染监测网优化设计研究综述  

A Review of Research on Optimal Design of Groundwater Pollution Monitoring Networks

作　　者：刘明力 骆乾坤[1] 吴剑锋[2] 宋健 杨蕴[3] 孙晓敏 LIU Mingli;LUO Qiankun;WU Jianfeng;SONG Jian;YANG Yun;SUN Xiaomin(School of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009,China;School of Earth Science and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;School of Earth Science and Engineering,Hohai University,Nanjing 211100,China;Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,合肥230009 [2]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210023 [3]河海大学地球科学与工程学院,南京211100 [4]南京水利科学研究院,南京210029

出　　处：《高校地质学报》2025年第1期34-47,共14页Geological Journal of China Universities

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3702200);国家自然科学基金项目(42372279,42002256);安徽省自然科学基金项目(JZ2022AKZR0451)联合资助。

摘　　要：矿山开采、垃圾填埋及化工产品生产过程都可能对地下水造成污染。无论是追溯污染源信息还是监测污染物运移趋势都需要合理设置相应的监测网。长期运行设计不合理的地下水污染监测网势必会造成高昂的监测成本。因此,必须要开展地下水污染监测网的优化设计研究,力争用较少的监测成本最大精度地获取污染物浓度变化数据。地下水污染监测网的主要优化内容包括监测井在空间上监测位置的优化和时间上监测频率的优化两个方面。目前,针对地下水污染监测网优化设计问题的求解已经提出了多种定性(如水文地质分析法)和定量(如模拟—优化模型方法和克里格法)的方法,并取得了诸多成效,但每种方法都有其特定的适用场景和优缺点。论文首先系统总结了近40年地下水污染监测网优化设计的主要研究成果,然后对目前国内外应用较多的7种地下水污染监测网优化设计的方法进行介绍、评价和比较,最后对今后地下水污染监测网优化设计的主要研究方向进行了展望。Groundwater can be contaminated by mining activities,landfill operations and chemical production processes.Both the tracing of pollution sources and the monitoring of pollutant transport trends demand the establishment of appropriate monitoring networks.The long-term operation of poorly designed groundwater pollution monitoring networks is inevitably accompanied by high monitoring costs.Thus,it is indispensable to undertake research on the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks,with the aim of acquiring data regarding changes in pollutant concentrations with utmost precision and at minimal monitoring costs.The primary optimizations of the groundwater pollution monitoring network encompass the optimization of the spatial monitoring positions of the monitoring wells and that of the monitoring frequency over time.At present,a variety of qualitative(such as hydrogeological analysis method)and quantitative(such as simulation-optimisation model method and kriging method)optimisation approaches have been put forward to address the optimal design issue of the groundwater pollution monitoring network,and numerous outcomes have been attained.Nevertheless,each method possesses its specific applicable scenarios,along with its respective advantages and disadvantages.The paper initially compiles the research findings on the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks over the past four decades.Subsequently,seven methods for the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks,which are currently employed in numerous domestic and international applications,are presented,evaluated,and contrasted.Finally,the paper concludes with a perspective on the primary research directions for the optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring networks in the future.

关 键 词：地下水污染 监测网 优化设计 监测位置 监测频率 污染源信息 

分 类 号：P641.8[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]