面向电网电压主动支撑的电池储能系统自治控制方法  

Autonomous Control Method for Battery Energy Storage System Oriented to Active Support of Grid Voltage

作　　者：郭辉 杨华磊 冯海波 崔东亚 张毅 GUO Hui;YANG Hualei;FENG Haibo;CUI Dongya;ZHANG Yi(Henan Jiuyu EPRI Electric Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450000,China;Henan United Electric Power Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Wuhan Power Supply Company,State Grid Hubei Electric Power Company,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南九域恩湃电力技术有限公司,郑州450000 [2]河南合众电力技术有限公司,郑州450001 [3]国网湖北省电力公司武汉供电公司,武汉430000

出　　处：《电源学报》2025年第1期132-142,共11页Journal of Power Supply

摘　　要：随着可再生能源渗透率的不断提高,虽然碳排放降低,但其固有间歇性和波动性也给电力系统带来了惯性和安全经济性下降等问题,电池储能BES(battery energy storage)技术是解决这一问题的重要手段之一。基于此,提出1种面向主动支撑电网电压的基于全状态反馈的电池储能系统自治控制方法。首先,基于Kv(Vg-vg)下垂和虚拟电容C惯量技术,设计静态功率支撑控制和动态电压支撑控制模块,使得电池储能系统可提供电网功率(静态)支撑和电压(动态)支撑;其次,采用全状态反馈方法将电压控制器和电流控制器合并,使得所提控制器设计更系统化和灵活化,并可减小单相接地故障引起的电压振荡;然后,为了维持电池储能荷电状态SOC(state-of-charge)的稳定,设计基于调节因子α的电池储能SOC控制器,以进一步提升电池储能系统的自治运行能力;最后,通过MATLAB和半实物仿真平台对14节点直流系统进行案例研究,仿真结果验证了所提方法在静态功率、动态电压双支撑及单线接地故障时的有效性。研究结果表明,所提方法下电池储能系统可连接到电网中的任何关键节点,通过本地监测扰动可主动支撑电网公共连接点电压,不受扰动影响,且可独立运行控制。此外,该方法还可防止暂态低压事故时变流器过流等问题,最终实现BES的自治运行能力。With the increasing penetration rate of renewable energy,carbon emissions are reduced.However,the inherent intermittency and volatility of renewable energy also bring problems such as inertia,security and economy to the power system.The battery energy storage(BES)technology has become one of the important means to solve this problem.Under this background,an autonomous control method for BES system oriented to the active support of grid voltage is proposed based on full-state feedback.First,based on sagging Kv(Vg-vg)and the virtual capacitor C inertia technology,static power support control and dynamic voltage support control modules are designed,so that the BES system can provide power(static)support and voltage(dynamic)support.Second,the voltage controller and current controller are combined by using the full-state feedback method,which makes the design of the proposed controller more systematic and flexible and reduces the voltage oscillations caused by single-phase ground fault.Third,in order to maintain the stability of state-of-charge(SOC)of BES,a BES SOC controller based on regulatory factors is also designed to further improve the autonomous operation ca-pability of the BES system.Finally,a case study of a 14-node DC system was carried out based on MATLAB and a semi-physical simulation platform,and simulation results verified the effectiveness of the proposed method in the cases of double-support of static power and dynamic voltage and single-line ground fault.With this method,the BES system can be connected to any key node in the grid,and the voltage at the point of common coupling in the grid can be actively supported through the local monitoring of disturbance,which is not affected by disturbance and can be operated and controlled independently.In addition,this method can also prevent the converter from overcurrent during transient low-voltage accidents,so that the autonomous operation capability of BES is realized.

关 键 词：电池储能系统 直流微电网 电网支撑 可再生能源的间歇性 虚拟惯量 

分 类 号：TM62[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]