不同地表覆盖模式对干热河谷地区杧果树体生长和产量的影响  

Effects of Different Surface Mulching Patterns on the Growth and Yield of Mango Plants in Dry-Hot Valley Areas

作　　者：段元杰 刘海刚[1] 孟富宣[1] 胡祥 孙漫莹 阳世莹 DUAN Yuan-jie;LIU Hai-gang;MENG Fu-xuan;HU Xiang;SUN Man-ying;YANG Shi-ying(Tropical Eco-Agricultural Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botanical Garden,Yuanmou 651300,PRC)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋651300

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2025年第1期77-80,86,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南芒果种质资源创新利用及新品种选育(202402AE090008);元谋县乡村振兴科技创新示范县项目(202304BT090025);云南省科技厅乡村振兴科技专项计划项目(科技特派员)。

摘　　要：为探明干热河谷地区杧果园不同地表覆盖模式对树体生长、开花和产量的影响,为杧果高效生产管理提供理论依据,以澳杧为研究对象,设置CK(清耕)、T_(1)(自然生草)和T_(2)(秸秆覆盖)3个处理,2020—2022年连续3 a测定干茎、株高、冠幅、顶梢数、花梢数、花序长、挂果数量和产量等指标并进行方差分析。结果表明:各处理株高、干茎、冠幅、顶梢数和花梢数指标均逐年增长。2022年,T_(1)处理的株高、干茎和冠幅均小于其他处理,顶梢数、花梢数和花梢比率呈现出T_(1)>CK>T_(2)的特点。连续3 a各处理产量指标均表现为T_(2)>CK>T_(1)。产量、株高和干茎的净增长量指标表现为T_(2)>CK>T_(1),T_(2)单位面积产量净增长量较CK和T_(1)分别提高15.29%和27.36%。各处理顶梢数和花梢数净增长量差异不显著,顶梢数净增长量T_(2)>T_(1)>CK,花梢数净增长量T_(1)>T_(2)>CK。综上,干热河谷地区杧果园地表自然生草覆盖虽有利于花梢数的增加,但不利于产量提高;秸秆覆盖有利于杧果树的根系生长及养分吸收,促进树体养分累积和产量提高,是一种科学有效的杧果园地表管理措施。This study explored the effects of different surface mulching patterns on the growth,flowering,and yield of mango plants in dry-hot valley areas,aiming to provide a theoretical basis for efficient management of mango orchards.Three mulching patterns including CK(clear ploughing),T_(1)(natural grass mulching),and T_(2)(straw mulching)were designed.The stem diameter,plant height,crown width,top shoot number,flowering shoot number,inflorescence length,fruit number,and yield were measured for three consecutive years from 2020 to 2022.Furthermore,the analysis of variance was performed for the above indicators.The results showed that the plant height,stem diameter,crown width,top shoot number,and flowering shoot number of each treatment increased year by year.In 2022,the plant height,stem diameter,and crown width of T_(1) were smaller than those of other treatments,and the top shoot number,flowering shoot number,and the ratio of flowering shoots followed the trend of T_(1)>CK>T_(2).In all the three years,yields were in an order of T_(2)>CK>T_(1).The net increases in yield,plant height,and stem diameter followed the trend of T_(2)>CK>T_(1),and the net increase in yield per unit area of T_(2) was 15.29%and 27.36%higher than that of CK and T_(1),respectively.There was no significant difference in the net increases in top shoot number or flowering shoot number among treatments.The net increases in top shoot number and flowering shoot number followed the trends of T_(2)>T_(1)>CK and T_(1)>T_(2)>CK,respectively.In conclusion,natural grass mulching in dry-hot valley areas is beneficial to the increase in flowering shoot number but not conducive to the increase in yield.Straw mulching promotes the root growth and nutrient absorption to improve the nutrient accumulation and yield,serving as a reasonable and effective surface management measure for mango orchards.

关 键 词：杧果 地表覆盖 树体生长 产量 

分 类 号：S436.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]