唐古拉山中段垭口地区小冰期以来冰川变化及其对气候的响应  

Glacier change and its response to climate in the central Tanggula Mountains Pass area since the Little Ice Age

作　　者：皮顺子 刘金花 胡海平 陈鑫[3] 吕枫 PI Shunzi;LIU Jinhua;HU Haiping;CHEN Xin;LU Feng(School of Earth Sciences,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology,Institute of Earth Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xi'an 710061,China;School of Geographic Sciences,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学地球科学学院,南昌330013 [2]中国科学院地球环境研究所,黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室,西安710061 [3]河北师范大学地理科学学院,石家庄050024

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期105-116,共12页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41901080和41971075);中国科学院地球环境研究所黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金项目(批准号:SKLLQG2137);江西省教育厅科技计划项目(批准号:GJJ210721)共同资助。

摘　　要：在全球变暖背景下,冰川变化对气候变化产生重要影响。唐古拉山中段垭口地区位于青藏高原中部,地势西高东低,平均海拔5596 m,为青藏高原大陆性气候和季风气候的地理边界。利用ArcGIS 10.8软件和图新地球软件对唐古拉山中段垭口地区的现代冰川和小冰期冰川进行研究,综合分析面积规模、海拔、坡度、坡向等因素对冰川变化的影响,计算冰川物质平衡线高度并分析其变化原因,探究其气候指示意义。结果表明:唐古拉山中段垭口地区发育的现代冰川总面积是464.71 km^(2),小冰期面积为616.27 km^(2),自小冰期以来冰川面积变化率为24.60%。小冰期冰川平衡线高度为5550 m,现代冰川物质平衡线较小冰期冰川上升40 m,高度为5590 m。冰川退缩受海拔、朝向、面积、坡度等影响。通过对比发现,海拔在(5600,5700]m、(5700,5800]m和(5800,5900]m这3个范围内冰川分布面积大,且退缩面积大。东北、北、西北坡向的冰川退缩面积大,冰川退缩主要以小冰川为主,面积规模≤0.5 km~2的小冰川退缩幅度大于其他规模冰川。随着坡度增加,冰川呈现出不同变化,冰川退缩主要集中在坡度10°~30°范围内。基于P-T模型和LR模型,结合唐古拉冰芯记录,当小冰期年均降水量减少20%时,平均气温比现代降低约0.24~0.6℃,气候变化幅度小于受季风影响较大的青藏高原其他区域。As global warming increases,glacier changes have a significant impact on climate.The Tanggula Mountains Pass area(32°26'~33°16'N,91°37'~94°02'E)located in the central part of the Tibetan Plateau.This area is high in the west and low in the east,with an average elevation of 5596 m above sea level.It is the geographical boundary of the East Asian monsoon and the continental climate of the Tibetan Plateau.We used ArcGIS 10.8 and TuXinEarth softwares to reconstruct the extents of Little Ice Age(LIA)glaciers and modern glaciers in the Tanggula Mountains Pass.The glacier area,elevation,slope,aspect,and other topographic parameters were calculated.Their influences on glacier changes were also analyzed.The Equilibrium Line Altitudes(ELAs)of LIA and modern glaciers were calculated,then the spacial distribution patterns ofΔELA and mean annual precipitation were obtained using the Ordinary Kriging Interplations.We found that:(1)modern glacier area was calculated to be 464.71 km^(2),LIA glaciers covered a total area of 616.27 km^(2).In the study area,glacier area has lost 24.60%,and the meanΔELA has risen 40 m since the LIA.(2)Glaciers at 5600~5900 m retreated severely,and the northeastern,northern,and northwestern-facing glaciers retreated with large areas Especially for small glaciers,for instance,glaciers≤0.5 km2 underwent greater retreat than glaciers>0.5 km^(2).The glacier area retreated in different patterns as their slope increasing,and glaciers within the slope of 10°~30°retreated the most.(3)Based on the Tanggula ice core record,P-T model,and LR model,the LIA temperature was suggested to be 0.24~0.6℃lower than that of the present,with the LIA precipitation being 80%~100% of the modern values.The LIA cooling in this region was less than that of the regions affected by monsoons on the Tibetan Plateau.

关 键 词：小冰期 冰川变化 物质平衡线 唐古拉山 气候变化 

分 类 号：P512.42[天文地球—地质学] P237