雅砻江流域大型滑坡分布规律及成因机制  

The distribution features and formation mechanisms of large landslides in the Yalong River basin

作　　者：黎承球 苏小婷 王盈 马思远 高丽婵 袁仁茂[1] LI Chengqiu;SU Xiaoting;WANG Ying;MA Siyuan;GAO Lichan;YUAN Renmao(Institute of Geology,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100029,China;Nanning Survey and Design Institute Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530002,China;National Earthquake Response Support Service,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]南宁市勘测设计院集团有限公司,南宁530002 [3]中国地震应急搜救中心,北京100049

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期132-148,共17页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项面上项目(批准号:IGCEA2408);中国地震局地质研究所基本科研业务专项重点项目(批准号:IGCEA2202)共同资助。

摘　　要：位于青藏高原东缘的雅砻江流域,地形高程差巨大、河谷深切、山坡高陡,使得该区域成为滑坡灾害高发区。本研究选取雅砻江流域的滑坡灾害为对象,重点分析了该地区大型滑坡的分布规律及其成因机制。首先基于现场调查、无人机测绘和高分辨率遥感影像解译构建了滑坡基础数据库,然后总结分析了典型滑坡类型及其破坏模式;同时结合滑坡编目、 GIS空间聚类和数理统计方法,揭示滑坡分布规律和集中发育区,探讨滑坡与地形地貌、活动构造、地震和降雨等因素之间的相关性。调查分析结果表明:雅砻江流域至少发育732处大型滑坡,主要分布在中游段高山峡谷地区,空间分布呈现不均匀性特征;同时,流域内大型滑坡分布也具有明显的空间聚集性,主要分布在海拔2000~3500 m,坡度为20°~40°、坡向为西南、南和东南方向,以及地形起伏度在400~600 m的区域。距断裂距离是影响滑坡分布的重要因素。距断裂距离越短的地带,滑坡密度越大,在断裂1000 m范围内,滑坡受到断裂影响最强烈。中游段滑坡的形成受到多种地质环境因素的综合影响,其破坏模式主要包括拉裂-滑移型、滑移-弯曲型和倾倒型。研究结果对深入了解雅砻江流域大型滑坡的分布规律和成因机制具有重要意义。The Yalong River is featured with high-relief,narrow river gorges and steep slopes,causing serious landslide hazards,which is situated on the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau with the latitude from 26.6°N to 34.2°N and the longitude from 96.8°E to 102.7°E,covering an area of 1.28×10^(5) km^(2).This study aims to investigate the distribution features and controlling factors of large landslides in the Yalong River basin.A comprehensive landslide database was firstly established through a combination of field observations and high-resolution satellite imagery analysis.Based on this database,typical landslide types and failure patterns then can be identified and analyzed.At the same time,by using GIS spatial clustering and statistical methods,the underlying distribution patterns and concentration areas of landslides were uncovered,and the relationships between landslide occurrence and various factors were examined,including topography,active faults,seismicity,and precipitation.Our results revealed that at least 732 large landslides were developed within the Yalong River basin,with the feature of inhomogeneous spatial distribution.Majority of these landslides are concentrated in the middle segment of the Yalong River with the high mountainous canyon.Notably,large landslides are mainly distributed along the active fault zone and the river banks,exhibiting strong spatial clustering.The majority of landslides being concentrated at the elevation of 2000~3500 m,the slope of 20°~40°,the dominant dipping direction of southwest,south and southeast,and the topographic relief of 400~600 m.Large landslides tend to be concentrated in the areas with relative hard rock mass,including shale,dolomite,and carbonate rocks.The distance to fault is also a significant influencing factor,with landslides being mainly distributed in the area within 1000 m of active faults.Furthermore,our analysis revealed that landslide distribution is strongly correlated with seismic activity and heavy rainfall.Four landslide concentration areas

关 键 词：雅砻江流域 大型滑坡 分布规律 破坏模式 成因机制 

分 类 号：P642.22[天文地球—工程地质学] P694[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]