黄土高原“红土林”成景过程探讨及景观价值  

Discussion on the landscape process of"Red Clay Forest"on the Chinese Loess Plateau and its development value

作　　者：徐永[1,2] 王健 李建星[1] 岳乐平 XU Yong;WANG Jian;LI Jianxing;YUE Leping(Xi'an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,Xi'an 710119,China;Observation and Research Station of Groundwater and Ecology in Yulin,Shaanxi,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi'an 710119,China;Observation and Research Station of Strata Type Section for the Bottom of Wenlock in Ziyang,Ministry of Natural Resources,Xi'an 710119,China;Department of Geological Sciences,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,西安710119 [2]自然资源部陕西榆林地下水与生态野外科学观测研究站,西安710119 [3]自然资源部陕西紫阳中志留统底界层型剖面野外科学观测研究站,西安710119 [4]西北大学地质学系,西安710069

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期164-177,共14页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41972035);陕西省重点研发计划项目(批准号:2021ZDLSF05-01);陕西省自然科学基金项目(批准号:2022JM-165);中国地质调查局地质调查项目(批准号:DD20230106和DD20230553)共同资助。

摘　　要：黄土高原土壤侵蚀形成大量的侵蚀地貌,其中有一种蚀余地貌(黄)红土柱零星分布于各沟谷中。在一些特殊的构造地貌位置,(黄)红土柱会集中成林出现,对其进行研究对于理解黄土高原地质历史时期地貌演化过程具有极其重要的意义,进而为探究鄂尔多斯高原新构造运动及对水系的影响控制作用具有一定的指导意义。黄土高原东部晋陕峡谷两侧红粘土地层非常发育,在保德、石楼、佳县、子洲等地发现了有一定规模的“红土林”。野外调查显示“红土林”多出露于黄土高原的各支沟中,多位于沟谷的中上游谷坡上,且多分布在阳坡。红土柱形态各异,有毛笔状、锥状、粗柱状、宽柱状、火炬状、梭子状等。“红土林”的成景地层多为第四纪早更新世午城黄土和新近纪中-上新世红粘土,一是因为其强度较上覆黄土地层硬,不易倒塌,二是午城黄土和红粘土中夹杂有密集的钙质结核层,进一步增加了其稳定性。通过区域地貌演化和“红土林”出露区地层接触关系初步判定“红土林”所在的沟谷侵蚀始于晚更新世中晚期,而“红土林”则在沟谷侵蚀过程中不断的产生和消亡。按照地质景观和旅游资源评价标准综合评价认为“红土林”在美学性、科学性、稀有性、完整性及科普等方面具有独特的景观资源属性,建议当地以“红土林”为核心发展地质+研学/科普的旅游模式。Soil erosion in the Loess Plateau forms a large number of erosion landforms.Among them,there are residual landform scattered in the valleys.In some special tectonic landforms,(loess)red clay columns will be assembled like forest.It is of great significance for understanding the geomorphological evolution process of the Loess Plateau,and it has certain guiding significance for exploring the neo-tectonic movement of the Ordos Plateau and its influence on the water system.Based on detailed field survey,the landscape characteristics,formation condition and forming process of red clay forest in Jiaxian,Shilou,and Baode were studied.And then,the landscape value including the geological scientificity,aesthetics,rarity,popularity,etc.were evaluated.Basic geological survey shown that red clay deposits were well developed on both sides of the Shanxi-Shaanxi Gorge in the Eastern Loess Plateau.There are lots of red clay columns and forests developed in Jiaxian,Shilou,Baode and Zizhou,etc.Detailed field survey shows that the red clay forests are mostly exposed in the tributary ditch of the large river,and are mostly located on the upper and middle reaches of the valley,and are mostly distributed on the sunny slope.The red clay columns have different shapes,such as brush,cone,thick column,wide column,torch,shuttle and so on.The red clay forest was formed in specific conditions.Firstly,field survey show that the landscaping strata of red clay forest are mostly Wucheng loess and red clay,because its strength are stronger than the overlying strata.Also,there are dense calcareous concretion layers mixed in the Wucheng loess and red clay,which further increased its strength.Secondly,thick red clay deposits are the foundation of red clay forests formation.During Neogene,differential uplift of the Ordos Plateau resulted in the formation of erosion regions in highlands and depositional areas in small basin or lowlands in the inner plateau.This paleogeomorphological condition provides the basis for the deposition of red clay.Jiaxian,Sh

关 键 词：红土柱(林) 黄土高原 地质景观 侵蚀过程 研学科普 

分 类 号：P931.6[天文地球—自然地理学]