龙山时代黄土高原南缘台塬边坡的农业经济——以河南三门峡小交口遗址的浮选结果为例  

Agricultural economy on the southern terrace slope of the Chinese Loess Plateau during the Longshan Period:Flotation results from the Xiaojiaokou site in Sanmenxia,Henan

作　　者：蒋宇超 崔婧婧 秦明琦 张小虎 崔天兴[1] JIANG Yuchao;CUI Jingjing;QIN Mingqi;ZHANG Xiaohu;CUI Tianxing(School of Archaeology and Cultural Heritage,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450000,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学考古与文化遗产学院,郑州450001 [2]河南省文物考古研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期240-254,共15页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(批准号:22BKG001和19CKG033)资助。

摘　　要：新石器时代末期的龙山时代是探索中华文明起源的关键阶段,这一时期的农业经济是当时社会运转和变革的基础。地处黄土高原南缘台塬边坡的三门峡地区在中国新石器时代的社会发展进程中占据了重要的历史地位,是研究大北方地区龙山社会和中原龙山社会的关键过渡地带。本研究通过对河南省三门峡小交口遗址考古发掘区和在非发掘区进行调查获取的植物遗存进行鉴定和分析,深入研究黄土高原向中原地区过渡区域的台塬边坡地带龙山时代的生业经济和植物资源利用。研究表明,小交口遗址龙山时期的农业结构以粟为主黍为次,兼有少量水稻;发掘区与调查区的数据较为一致。区域性的对比显示这种农业模式在中原和山西地区的龙山社会具有较高的一致性,本遗址稻旱混作的模式更接近临汾-运城盆地龙山时代的农业经济。The Longshan period,at the end of Neolithic China,is a critical era for exploring the origins of Chinese civilization.During this time,the agricultural economy was fundamental to social operations and transformations.The Sanmenxia area,situated on the southern terrace slope of the Chinese Loess Plateau,holds a significant historical role in the social development of Neolithic China.It served as a crucial transitional zone between the great northern region and the Central Plains during the Longshan period.This study focuses on the Xiaojiaokou site(34°43.251'N,111°17.295'E)in western Henan,one of the largest Longshan settlements.It provides a detailed analysis of subsistence and plant resource utilization in the region,based on the identification and analysis of macro-plant remains unearthed at the site.During the archaeological excavation and survey,soil samples were collected and floated at the site to retrieve carbonized macro-plant remains.From 104 samples in the excavation area,a total of 2732 plant remains were identified,with crops comprising over 80%of these finds.Additionally,3050 plant remains,with 68.20%being crops,were recovered from 47 survey samples.The data from both excavated and surveyed plant remains suggest a predominance of crop-related activities at the Xiaojiaokou site.All flotation samples discussed in this paper are attributed to the Sanliqiao culture,dating from 2450 BC to 1900 BC,within the Longshan period.Data from current flotation studies at the Xiaojiaokou site indicate that agriculture was dominated by millets,specifically foxtail millet(Setaria italica)and broomcorn millet(Panicum miliaceum).Foxtail millet constitutes approximately 90%of all crop remains at the Xiaojiaokou site,making it the most prevalent crop with a ubiquity of up to 80%.In contrast,broomcorn millet comprises less than 10%of the crop remains and is found in just over 30%of the samples,indicating its lesser significance.Additionally,there is a minor adoption of rice(Oryza sativa),which accounts for approximately 2

关 键 词：三门峡地区 小交口遗址 农业结构 作物加工 经济基础 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]