盘龙城遗址剖面记录的沉积环境演变及其与人类活动的关系  

Evolution of sedimentary environment recorded in Panlongcheng site profile and its relationship with human activities

作　　者：周驿佳 邹春辉 王婷 郭爱鹏 邹秋实 毛龙江 莫多闻[5] ZHOU Yijia;ZOU Chunhui;WANG Ting;GUO Aipeng;ZOU Qiushi;MAO Longjiang;MO Duowen(Institute of Scientific and Technical History,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Taishan Institute of Taishan University,Tai'an 271000,China;School of Marine Science,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;School of History,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430071,China;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 200871,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学科技史与气象文明研究院,南京210044 [2]泰山学院泰山研究院,泰安271000 [3]南京信息工程大学海洋科学学院,南京210044 [4]武汉大学历史学院,武汉430071 [5]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京200871

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期283-295,共13页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(批准号:2020YFC1521605);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:41771218)共同资助。

摘　　要：江汉平原位于我国东亚夏季风盛行区,同时也是我国新石器时期以来人类活动与文化兴替较为频繁的地区之一,因此成为探索古人类与环境互动关系的理想场所。盘龙城遗址作为夏商时期江汉平原具有代表性的大型聚落之一,开展对其内部的高分辨率古环境重建,对于揭示在中原文化控制下环境变化对江汉平原遗址群的影响具有重要意义。本研究基于武汉盘龙城遗址王家嘴发掘区获得的长度为450 cm、年龄范围为3650~3300 a B. P.的自然剖面,进行AMS~(14)C测年以及地球化学元素的分析,并综合前人研究成果,重建盘龙城遗址内部的沉积环境演变,进一步探究环境变化与人类活动间的关系。结果表明:1) ~3650 a B. P.为次生黄土层,C/N较低,SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)与BA值上升,相反Rb/Sr和Ki值下降,风化作用减弱,气候环境凉干;2)3650~3460 a B. P., C/N增加,Rb/Sr和Ki值先降低后缓慢上升,SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)与BA值变化趋势相反,风化强度先降低后增强,气候回暖,土壤中有机质增多。此阶段古人开始在王家嘴岗地上居住并发展稻作农业;3)3460~3300 a B. P., Rb/Sr和Ki值先降低后升高并出现峰值,SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3)与BA值先升高后降低且出现高峰,风化强度先减弱后增强,气候凉干。C/N异常升高,主要源自人类活动的影响。城址修建后盘龙城地位上升,成为长江中游东部地区的中心城市,而王家嘴因府河水位下降露出大片土地,适宜开展稻作农业;4)3300~3200 a B. P.王家嘴废弃后,人口逐渐从宫城区转移至杨家湾。此时江汉平原气候环境寒冷干燥,降水减少。在气候恶化与战争的双重因素影响下,盘龙城遗址最终被废弃。Jianghan Plain is located in the prevailing area of East Asian summer monsoon in China,and it is also one of the areas where human activities and cultural changes have been frequent since the Neolithic Age,so it has become an ideal place to explore the interactive relationship between ancient humans and the environment.As one of the representative large-scale settlements in Jianghan Plain in Xia and Shang Dynasties,Panlongcheng site is of great significance for revealing the influence of environmental changes on Jianghan Plain sites under the control of Central Plains culture.The Panlongcheng site(30°42'N,114°16'E)is located in Huangpi district,Wuhan City,Hubei Province,in the transitional zone between Jianghan Plain and the southern foot of Dabie Mountain,and the most southern mound in the palace district of Panlongcheng site is Wangjiazui.The archaeological excavation profile(30°41'N,114°15'E)in the south of Wangjiazui is located on the hillock south of the Fuhe levee.The overall length of the site is about 230 m,the east-west width is about 120 m,and the elevation is between 20 m and 23 m.After careful observation of Wangjiazui profile during field excavation,it is considered that although the section contains a small number of human relics(such as pottery pieces,carbon chips,braised soil,etc.),the whole profile is still dominated by natural deposition.In this study,the obtained Wangjiazui profile,which 450 cm in thickness,was divided into samples at intervals of 10 cm,and 45 samples were obtained.Samples were taken at sections of 60 cm,190 cm,230 cm,255 cm,320 cm and 395 cm respectively for AMS 14C determination.Sample analysis included AMS 14C dating,element geochemical X-ray fluorescence spectrometry(XRF)analysis and TOC and TN test analysis.According to the stratigraphic characteristics and the estimation of sedimentation rate,the Wangjiazui profile roughly recorded the environmental changes of 3650~3300 a B.P.The results show that:(1)?~3650 a B.P.is the secondary loess layer,the C/N is low,the values

关 键 词：地球化学 环境演变 全新世 江汉平原 盘龙城遗址 

分 类 号：P512.2[天文地球—地质学] K871.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]