东南沿海稻作农业于2800 cal.a B.P.后广泛发展:来自福州盆地芝山遗址的微体化石证据  

Rice farming extensively developed in the Southeast China coast after 2800 cal.a B.P.:Microfossil evidence from the Zhishan site in the Fuzhou Basin

作　　者：黄永俊 左昕昕 戴晖 林峰 邹亚菲 靳建辉[1,2,3] 任琳 林映君 谢辉 周桂宇 HUANG Yongjun;ZUO Xinxin;DAI Hui;LIN Feng;ZOU Yafei;JIN Jianhui;REN Lin;LIN Yingjun;XIE Hui;ZHOU Guiyu(Institute of Geography,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Center for Environmental Archaeology in Southeast China,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350007,China;Fuzhou Municipal Institute of Archaeology,Fuzhou 350001,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学地理研究所,福州350007 [2]福建师范大学福建省亚热带资源与环境重点实验室,福州350007 [3]福建师范大学东南环境考古中心,福州350007 [4]福州市文物考古工作队,福州350001 [5]郑州大学生态与环境学院,郑州450001

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期296-305,共10页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:42077407和42477478);福建省科技厅公益类重点项目(批准号:2023R1041)共同资助。

摘　　要：稻作农业的起源和发展使采集渔猎者转化为农业生产者,从而深刻地改变人类社会。尽管东南沿海地区稻作农业早在7500 cal.a B. P.已经出现,但由于缺少低地平原,其稻作农业直到3000~2000 cal.a B. P.之后才开始广泛发展。较晚的稻作农业的广泛发展是否是区域内的普遍现象,目前还缺少考古学方面的证据。本研究对位于东南沿海福州盆地的芝山遗址TG1探方第8至10层文化层进行了详细的植硅体和硅藻分析,结合AMS~(14)C年代数据,结果显示约3000 cal.a B. P.前福州盆地还处于河口海湾,先民居住在低山丘陵,主要以采集渔猎为生;3000~2800 cal.a B. P.福州盆地仍受到海水的影响,适合水稻生长的淡水沼泽湿地面积有限,稻作农业发展受到限制;直到约2800 cal.a B. P.后,海水才基本退出福州盆地,适合水稻种植的洪泛平原和广阔的湿地大面积出露,促进了稻作农业大规模扩张。本研究立足考古遗址进一步佐证了东南沿海地区史前稻作农业的大规模发展受到了低地平原面积的制约,为理解该地区稻作农业的发展和认识史前人地关系演变提供了新的证据。The origin and development of rice farming played a crucial role in transforming hunter-gatherers into agricultural producers,significantly influencing human society and facilitating the rise of civilisation.Rice farming was initiated in the southeastern coastal areas as early as 7500 cal.a B.P.;however,it began to flourish extensively around 2000~3000 cal.a B.P.due to the limited availability of lowland plains.To gain a deeper understanding of this agricultural evolution,further archaeological research is essential to explore whether the later development of rice farming is a typical pattern in this region.This study presents valuable insights from analysing 28 samples collected from the Zhishan site(26°05'41.19″N,119°17'48.72″E)in the Fuzhou basin along the southeast coast.We gathered important data about the region's agricultural history using phytolith and diatom analyses.Four samples'AMS 14C dating results are consistent with established archaeological chronologies from the 8th layer to the 10th layer in TG1 trench of Zhishan site,confirming their origin in the Shang Dynasty(1600~1046 BC)and the Western Zhou Dynasty(1046~771 BC).Notably,we observed a progressive increase in the proportion of rice phytoliths,which began at 30%during the period of 3600~3000 cal.a B.P.and gradually rose to 38%between 3000 and 2800 cal.a B.P.Significantly,this was followed by a sharp increase to 77%after 2800 cal.a B.P.In contrast,marine and saltwater diatoms comprised 80%of the samples from 3600 to 3000 cal.a B.P.,but this figure decreased to 55%during the period of 3000~2800 cal.a B.P.After 2800 cal.a B.P.,saltwater diatoms dramatically declined to 15%,with marine diatoms nearly vanishing.These findings highlight that while rice was introduced to southeastern coastal areas roughly 7500 cal.a B.P.,its extensive cultivation was significantly influenced by geographical factors.Our research underscores the pivotal role of freshwater wetlands in facilitating the development of rice farming in the Fuzhou basin.The notable regr

关 键 词：稻作农业 植硅体 硅藻 海平面 闽越国 

分 类 号：K871[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]