新疆哈密巴里坤大河古城唐代军屯农业生产活动研究  

Agricultural activities inferred by the charred plant seeds at ancient Dahe City,a Tang Dynasty military garrison site,Barkol County,Xinjiang

作　　者：顿果累 张贵林 王永强 蒋洪恩 DUN Guolei;ZHANG Guilin;WANG Yongqiang;JIANG Hongen(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,School of Humanities,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Archaeology and Museology,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China;Cultural Relics and Archaeology Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学,人文学院,考古学与人类学系,北京100049 [3]重庆师范大学,考古文博学院,重庆401331 [4]新疆维吾尔自治区文物考古研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2025年第1期319-334,共16页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(批准号:42377443);重庆师范大学基金项目(批准号:21XWB031);中央高校基本科研业务费重点项目(批准号:E2E40909X2)共同资助。

摘　　要：屯田是有效开发和管理古代新疆地区的关键策略,而唐代边疆屯田的农业生产状况有待系统研究。哈密地区青铜时代遗址、墓葬较集中,与屯田相关的考古发现较少。大河古城是唐代伊州伊吾军所驻军城和重要屯田地点。本研究以新疆哈密巴里坤大河古城遗址的17份浮选样品为对象,通过炭化植物遗存的鉴定和分析,探讨唐代屯田生产的农作物类型,农作物种植方式和对其他植物的利用情况。结果显示,大河古城共发现植物种子1747粒,其中1603粒计入统计,主要为农作物(占比95%),包括5种粮食作物:青稞(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste)(57%),小麦(Triticum aestivum)(34%),大麦(Hordeum vulgare)(3.8%),粟(Setaria italica)(0.19%),以及豌豆(Pisum sativum)(0.12%);另发现1种园艺类作物葡萄(Vitis vinifera)(0.06%), 1种香料植物花椒(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)(0.12%);另有小果白刺(Nitraria sibirica)(3.8%)、沙枣(Elaeagnus angustifolia)(0.31%)、茜草科(Rubiaceae)(0.06%)、中亚滨藜(Atriplex centralasiatica)(0.06%)、莎草科(Cyperaceae)(0.19%)和禾本科(Poaceae)(0.25%)等6种野生植物。大河古城屯田生产的作物组合以青稞和小麦为主,辅以大麦、少量的豌豆和粟为补充;沙枣、葡萄和小果白刺等可能作为果品利用,丰富了驻军的食谱。新疆地区首次发现的花椒种子则是典型的调味料。唐代戍卒为适应较寒冷的气候条件,借鉴东天山地区的文化传统,并融合自身生产经验和生产技术,因地制宜形成了适应军事活动的屯田生产策略。针对新疆地区历史时期的植物考古研究,将出土文书/传世文献与考古遗址植物遗存材料相互结合、交叉验证,是全面解读历史时期人与植物关系的可靠方法。Military agricultural economic activities were a key component and strategy for effective management of the Xinjiang region during historical periods.The development of military agriculture activities,especially those performed for the subsistence of conscripts,still lacks systematic study and analysis.Ancient Dahe City(43.39°N,93.10°E)in Balikun County,Xinjiang,was not only a military town,but also an important military agricultural site for the Yiwu Army stationed in Yizhou during the Tang Dynasty.The direct AMS radiocarbon date of this site is 1300~1100 cal.a B.P.This study utilizes 17 flotation samples from the ancient Dahe City site.The authors here use archaeobotanical methods to identify and analyze carbonized plant seeds recovered from the samples.The results reveal a total 1747 plant seeds,of which 1603 are in the statistics significant.The majority are of crops(95%),including 5 cereal crops:naked barley(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste)(57%);wheat(Triticum aestivum)(34%);barley(Hordeum vulgare)(3.8%);foxtail millet(Setaria italica)(0.19%);and pea(Pisum sativum)(0.12%)in addition to 1 horticultural plant,grape(Vitis vinifera)(0.06%);1 spice plant,Sichuan pepper(Zanthoxylum bungeanum)(0.12%);and 6 wild plants,including the oleaster(Elaeagnus angustifolia)(0.31%);Nitraria sibirica(3.8%);Rubiaceae(0.06%);Atriplex centralasiatica(0.06%);Cyperaceae(0.19%);and Poaceae(0.25%).Naked barley and wheat likely dominated the regional crop pattern,with barley being an auxiliary component,supplemented by a small amount of peas and foxtail millet.Fruits,such as grapes,oleaster,and Nitraria sibirica,may have been cultivated,enriching the diet of soldiers in ancient Dahe City.Finally,the Sichuan pepper seeds,first discovered in Xinjiang,were likely consumed as a principal and typical seasoning.The military farmers who resided in this frontier town,ancient Dahe City,during Tang Dynasty likely adopted a diversified agricultural strategy that was suitable for the support of military activities under relatively cold climatic co

关 键 词：屯田经济 大河古城 巴里坤盆地 植物考古 

分 类 号：K871.43[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]