人口质量和配置红利的双赢:空间政治经济学的视角  

Achieving a Win-Win in Population Quality and Allocation Dividends:A Spatial Political Economy Perspective

作　　者：陆铭[1,2,3] 杨潇 Lu Ming;Yang Xiao(Antai College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学安泰经济与管理学院 [2]中国发展研究院 [3]中国城市治理研究院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2025年第1期1-12,共12页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家自然科学基金专项项目“超大规模市场的动态均衡理论与量化方法研究:结构转型与改革路径”(项目编号:72342035);国家自然科学基金面上项目“大数据视野下的城市空间结构与有效治理”(项目编号:72073094)。

摘　　要：当前中国经济正面临人口老龄化、少子化的挑战,区域协调发展需要追求人口质量和配置红利这一长期、全局目标。文章结合党的二十届三中全会精神,从空间政治经济学的视角出发,指出在地方政府具有短期、局部发展的倾向下,人口流动带来的空间外部性以及户籍制度对流动人口享受公共服务的限制,阻碍了人口质量和配置红利有效实现,需从更新观念和深化改革两方面进行解决。一方面,应在观念上认识到在集聚中走向平衡、在集聚中提升教育回报激发教育需求的重要性,以及应对随之而来的人口流出地和流入地的教育供需分化问题;另一方面,在实践中应加强中央政府的协调作用,克服空间外部性,并建立同人口变化相协调的基本公共教育服务供给机制,实现人口质量和配置红利的双赢。China's economy currently faces significant challenges,including an aging population and declining birth rates.To address these issues,it is imperative to adopt a regional development strategy that aligns with the overarching,long-term goals of enhancing population quality and optimizing allocation dividends.From the perspective of spatial political economy,this article identifies several key obstacles to achieving these goals.These include the short-term,localized development priorities of local governments,the spatial externalities arising from population mobility,and the limitations imposed on access to public services for mobile populations by the household registration system.Addressing these challenges requires a shift in mindset and a deepening of reform efforts.It is essential to acknowledge the role of regional agglomeration in balancing education supply-demand disparities and stimulating demand for education in areas experiencing population inflows and outflows.Furthermore,the central government must take on greater responsibility in coordinating local governments to mitigate spatial externalities and establish a public education service mechanism responsive to population dynamics.By doing so,a win-win outcome for both population quality and allocation dividends can be achieved.

关 键 词：人口质量 空间政治经济学 区域协调 空间外部性 公共教育 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学]