农村宅基地流转与农民增收:兼论村集体的作用——来自义乌湾塘村的经验证据  

Rural Homestead Transfer and Its Role in Increasing Farmers'Income:An Integrated Analysis of Village Collective Functions-Evidence from Wantang,Yiwu City

作　　者：张勇超 Zhang Yongchao(College of Public Administration,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学公共管理学院 [2]南京农业大学中国土地问题研究中心

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2025年第1期76-85,172,共11页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“我国土地要素市场化改革及其深化路径研究”(项目编号:23ZDA031);国家自然科学基金项目“土地整理中农户宅基地退出决策及管控政策分析”(项目编号:41261041)。

摘　　要：农户增收是城乡融合发展和乡村振兴的核心。村集体组织的宅基地流转模式能否促进农户收入绩效增长成为学界关注的焦点。文章构建了“村集体组织宅基地流转—功能优化、要素整合—农户收入的全面变化”的理论分析框架,通过田野调查和过程式案例的形式,剖析宅基地流转过程对农户各类收入的全面影响机制。研究发现,村集体组织的宅基地流转会产生宅基地及住房的资本化效应、住房产业化效应、集体资产功能的增值效应、农地流转规模效应以及劳动力转移生计多样化效应,从而全面影响农户的收入结构和变化。其中,村集体内生的自下而上的组织对有效实施宅基地流转和农民增收起到了重要作用。宅基地流转过程中需要重视村庄的资源条件和禀赋,盘活宅基地流转向集体经营性建设用地转型的路径,为乡村新型产业和工商社会资本提供用地载体;通过强化农民的参与权、知情权和决策权实现农户对宅基地流转的积极参与;促进农民工和企业家返乡,鼓励支持他们在土地改革和乡村发展中发挥带头作用。Increasing household income is a central goal of urban-rural integration and rural revitalization. Whether homestead transfers organized by village collectives can effectively enhance farmers' incomes has become a critical focus in academic research. This study constructs a theoretical framework: “village-collective organized homestead transfer→functional transformation and factor reorganization→changes in household income.”Based on field research and process-oriented case studies, the findings indicate that village-collective involvement in homestead transfers generates multiple effects, including the capitalization of homesteads, the industrialization of housing, the value-added enhancement of homestead assets, the scale effect of farmland transfer, and the diversification of labor migration. These effects collectively reshape farmers' income structures and levels. Moreover, the success of homestead transfers is heavily dependent on the village collective's bottom-up initiatives and innovations.The study emphasizes the importance of tailoring homestead transfer strategies to the unique resource conditions of each village, revitalizing pathways for converting homesteads into collectively operated construction land, and creating platforms for new industries and social capital. Strengthening farmers' rights to participation, recognition, and decision-making is crucial for encouraging active engagement in these processes. Additionally, efforts should focus on attracting migrant workers and entrepreneurs to return and lead land reform and rural development initiatives.

关 键 词：宅基地流转 村集体 功能优化 要素整合 农户收入 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] F321.1