村级基层组织建设的制度化转型与治理有效——基于“一肩挑”政策实践的区域比较研究  

Institutional Transformation and Effective Governance of Village Grassroots Organizations:A Comparative Study on the“One Commander”Policy

作　　者：易卓 崔盼盼 Yi Zhuo;Cui Panpan(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan;College of Humanities and Social Development,Northwest A&F University,Yangling)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院 [2]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院

出　　处：《经济社会体制比较》2025年第1期149-158,共10页Comparative Economic & Social Systems

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“县域治理现代化视域下基层形式主义治理机制研究”(项目编号:24CSH016)。

摘　　要：村级组织作为国家治理体系的末端,是关联国家权力下乡与基层治理有效的结点,它的制度选择具有重要的政治与治理意义。近年来,随着“三农”工作总体形势发生变化,以基层组织建设为核心的乡村治理现代化持续推进,集中表现为村“两委”负责人“一肩挑”及相关配套政策的全面实施,推动了村级组织从主体自治向复合科层结构的制度化转型。基于不同区域在发展阶段与治理任务上的客观差异,文章对“一肩挑”政策在东部与中西部村庄的实践经验进行了比较,发现复合科层化村级组织有效契合了东部村庄的公共事务结构,积极承接了国家权力下乡,村级治理能力提升;而在中西部地区则表现出与村庄社会基础及治理事务的系统性脱嵌,引发治理体制空转风险。研究表明,村级组织建设制度化转型需要与治理事务的具体属性和需求相匹配,才能整体提高基层治理体系的现代化水平。As the final link in the national governance system,village-level organizations serve as critical nodes connecting state authority to rural areas and grassroots governance.The institutional structures and practices of these organizations have profound implications for governance and politics.Recent years have seen significant advancements in rural governance modernization,centered on grassroots organizational reforms,particularly the widespread implementation of the“One Commander”policy in village committees.This policy signifies a shift from predominantly autonomous structures to composite bureaucracies.By comparing the application of the“One Commander”policy in villages across eastern and central-western regions of China,this study finds that composite hierarchical village structures align more effectively with the public affairs demands of eastern villages.These structures facilitate the extension of state authority into rural areas and enhance village-level governance capacity.

关 键 词：村级组织 “一肩挑” 乡村治理 区域比较 基层治理现代化 

分 类 号：D422.6[政治法律—政治学] D267.2[政治法律—国际共产主义运动] D262.3