肝移植受者症状特征的潜在类别分析  

Symptom characteristics of patients after liver transplantation:a latent class analysis

作　　者：陈潇 张玉侠 张晓云[1] 徐嫣嫣 孙丽骏 沈韵 裘洁 潘亭 俞静娴 CHEN Xiao;ZHANG Yuxia;ZHANG Xiaoyun;XU Yanyan;SUN Lijun;SHEN Yun;QIU Jie;PAN Ting;YU Jingxian(Zhongshan Hospital,Fudan University,Shanghai 200032 China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学附属中山医院,上海200032

出　　处：《护理研究》2025年第5期732-737,共6页Chinese Nursing Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目,编号:72204053。

摘　　要：目的:对肝移植受者症状特征进行分类,并探讨不同症状类别病人人口学特征和疾病特征的差异。方法:选取391例肝移植受者作为研究对象,采用肝移植受者症状体验整体评价问卷及肝移植受者症状体验影响因素调查表进行调查,采用潜在类别分析将肝移植受者按照症状特征进行分类,采用Logistic回归分析探讨不同类别病人人口学特征和疾病特征差异。结果:肝移植受者症状存在3个异质性群体,分别为症状低发组(占43%)、症状中发组(占30%)、心理社会症状高发组(占27%)。与症状低发组相比,移植后1年内、使用非他克莫司为主的免疫抑制方案的病人更易归于症状中发组;移植后半年内、居住地为非城市、有合并症的病人更易归为心理社会症状高发组。结论:医护人员应有效识别肝移植受者的症状特征,重视移植后早期病人的心理和社会维度症状,尤其应关注存在合并症、居住地为非城市的病人,促进病人将疾病管理融入日常生活,减轻其疾病负担。Objective:To classify the symptom characteristics of liver transplant recipients,and explore the differences in demographic characteristics and disease characteristics of patients with different symptom categories.Methods:A total of 391 recipients of liver transplantation were selected as the research participants,and the General Data Questionnaire and the Overall Evaluation Questionnaire of Symptom Experience of Liver Transplantation Recipients were administered.The latent class analysis was used to classify the liver transplantation recipients according to the symptom characteristics.The multiple Logistic regression was used to explore the differences in demography characteristics and disease characteristics of different categories of patients.Results:The occurrence and development of symptoms in liver transplant recipients exhibit population heterogeneity,categorized into three groups,which were the"low symptom incidence group"(43%),"medium symptom incidence group"(30%),and"high psychosocial symptom incidence group"(27%).Compared with the group with a low incidence of symptoms,patients within 1 year after transplantation and those using an immunosuppressive regimen not mainly based on tacrolimus were more likely to be classified into the moderate symptom group.Compared with the group with a low incidence of symptoms,patients who had comorbidities,lived in non-urban areas and were within half a year after transplantation were more likely to be classified into the group with a high incidence of psychosocial symptoms.Conclusions:Medical staff should effectively identify the symptoms and characteristics of liver transplant recipients,special attention should be given to the psychological and social dimensions of patients in the early stage after transplantation,especially pay attention to patients with comorbidities and family addresses in rural areas,promote the integration of disease management into daily life,and reduce their disease burden.

关 键 词：肝移植 症状群 人群异质性 潜在类别分析 影响因素 调查研究 

分 类 号：R473.6[医药卫生—护理学]