利益相关者视角下食管癌术后病人营养管理需求的质性研究  

Nutritional management needs of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer from the perspective of stakeholders:a qualitative study

作　　者：郭薇 刘雪 倪逸倩 崔静 GUO Wei;LIU Xue;NI Yiqian;CUI Jing(Naval Medical University of Chinese PLA,Shanghai 200433 China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University of Chinese PLA)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军海军军医大学,上海200433 [2]中国人民解放军海军军医大学第一附属医院

出　　处：《护理研究》2025年第5期768-774,共7页Chinese Nursing Research

基　　金：“登峰”人才计划项目,编号:2022KYD03。

摘　　要：目的:深入剖析利益相关群体对食管癌术后营养管理需求的转变,为完善食管癌术后病人营养管理方案提供参考。方法:采用目的抽样法,于2022年10月—2023年5月选取上海市某三级甲等医院心胸外科食管癌术后病人、照顾者及医护人员共28名受访者进行半结构式访谈,应用Colaizzi 7步分析法进行资料分析。结果:经过对访谈资料的整理,共提炼出营养需求的阶段性变化(出院准备期、家庭肠内营养期、饮食调整期及适应期)、外显需求(管饲饮食操作、管饲途径维护、不适症状应对、饮食知识及咨询困难)以及内隐需求(多学科协作、饮食过渡时机、营养不良监督意识及回归正常生活)3个主题。结论:食管癌根治术后病人及照顾者的营养需求呈现阶段性特点,未来研究者可深入进行纵向研究,探讨食管癌术后病人及照顾者营养需求的变化轨迹。Objective:To deeply analyze the shifts in nutritional management needs among stakeholder groups following esophageal cancer surgery and provide a reference for improving nutritional management programs for postoperative esophageal cancer patients.Methods:Using purposeful sampling,a total of 28 participants,including esophageal cancer patients,caregivers,and healthcare professionals from the cardiothoracic surgery department of a tertiary grade A hospital in Shanghai,were selected for semi⁃structured interviews from October 2022 to May 2023.The Colaizzi 7⁃step analysis method was applied to analyze the data.Results:The interview data were organized and refined into three themes:phased changes in nutritional needs(discharge preparation phase,home enteral nutrition phase,dietary adjustment phase,and adaptation phase),explicit needs(enteral feeding operations,enteral feeding route maintenance,management of discomforting symptoms,dietary knowledge,and consultation difficulties),and implicit needs(multidisciplinary collaboration,timing of dietary transitions,awareness of malnutrition monitoring,and returning to normal life).Conclusion:The nutritional needs of patients and caregivers following radical esophageal cancer surgery exhibit phased characteristics.Future researchers can conduct in⁃depth longitudinal studies to explore the trajectory of changes in nutritional needs among patients and caregivers following esophageal cancer surgery.

关 键 词：食管癌 营养需求 护理管理 利益相关者 质性研究 

分 类 号：R473.73[医药卫生—护理学]