ICU空气中微生物和颗粒物的分布特征及其相关因素  

Distribution characteristics and related factors of microorganisms and particulate matter in the air of ICU

作　　者：杨鑫 范珊红[3] 靳亚飞 许文 戈伟 何改花 霍欣欣 边梅 张丽娜 YANG Xin;FAN Shanhong;JIN Yafei;XU Wen;GE Wei;HE Gaihua;HUO Xinxin;BIAN Mei;ZHANG Li′na(School of Nursing,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine,Shaanxi 712046 China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University;Second Hospital Affiliated to Air Force Medical University)

机构地区：[1]陕西中医药大学护理学院,陕西712046 [2]西安交通大学第一附属医院 [3]空军军医大学第二附属医院

出　　处：《护理研究》2025年第5期775-782,共8页Chinese Nursing Research

摘　　要：目的:调查医院重症监护室(ICU)空气中微生物浓度和颗粒物粒径的动态分布特征及其相关因素。方法:采用方便抽样方法,选择西安市某三级甲等医院普通ICU的多床位开放式空间作为检测地点,使用TSI9360激光尘埃粒子计数器对ICU内空气动力学等效直径(AED)大于0.3、0.5、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0μm的6种颗粒物进行采样。结果:实际状态下,ICU室内微生物浓度与颗粒物数量呈现波动的变化趋势,且微生物浓度与ICU室内的温度、湿度呈负相关,与工作人员总人数、固定人数、活动人数、医疗气溶液生成程序(AGP)操作数量、病人入住率呈正相关。颗粒物数量与ICU室内温度、湿度呈负相关,与工作人员总人数、固定人数、活动人数、AGP操作数量呈正相关。结论:ICU内微生物浓度在一定范围内随着温度、湿度的升高而降低,随着大厅内的固定人数、活动人数、工作人员总人数、病人入住率、AGP操作数的增加而增加。颗粒物数量在一定范围内随着室内湿度的升高而降低,随着大厅内的固定人数、活动人数、工作人员总人数、AGP操作数的增加而增加,并且室内颗粒物的主要来源是雾化操作。Objective:To investigate the dynamic distribution characteristics of microbial concentrations and particulate matter(PM)particle size in the air of hospital intensive care units(ICU)and their associated factors.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to select a multi-bed open ICU in a tertiary hospital in Xi′an as the sampling site.The TSI 9360 laser dust particle counter was used to sample six particle sizes with aerodynamic equivalent diameters(AED)greater than 0.3,0.5,1.0,2.5,5.0,and 10.0μm within the ICU.Results:In actual conditions,the microbial concentrations and number of particulate matter in the ICU showed fluctuating trends.Microbial concentrations were negatively correlated with indoor temperature and humidity,and positively correlated with the number of staff,number of aerosol-generating procedures(AGP),and patient occupancy rate.The number of particulate matter was negatively correlated with indoor humidity and positively correlated with the number of staff and number of AGP.Conclusion:Within a certain range,microbial concentrations in the ICU decrease as temperature and humidity increase,but increase with the number of fixed and active individuals in the hall,total number of staff,patient occupancy rate,and number of AGP.The number of particulate matter decreases within a certain range as indoor humidity increases,but increases with the number of fixed and active individuals in the hall,total number of staff,and number of AGP.The main source of indoor particulate matter is nebulization procedures.

关 键 词：重症监护病房(ICU) 微生物气溶胶 颗粒物 分布特征 相关因素 医院感染 

分 类 号：R473[医药卫生—护理学]