红细胞血型不规则抗体检测在临床中的应用  

Clinical application of detection of red blood cell irregular antibodies

作　　者：梁娟 黄豪博[2] 薛婷玲 林授[1] 任本春[1] Liang Juan;Huang Haobo;Xue Tingling;Lin Shou;Ren Benchun(Fujian Provincial Blood Center,Fuzhou 350004,China;Department of Blood Transfusion,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,Fuzhou 350001,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省血液中心,福州350004 [2]福建医科大学附属协和医院输血科,福州350001

出　　处：《国际医药卫生导报》2025年第6期1016-1020,共5页International Medicine and Health Guidance News

基　　金：福建省财政厅卫生健康专项(2021XH007)。

摘　　要：目的探讨红细胞血型不规则抗体检测的临床意义。方法采用盐水凝集法、间接抗人球蛋白法、直接抗人球蛋白法对2001年1月至2023年12月各医院血型抗体筛查阳性、交叉不合以及新生儿溶血病送检标本352例(男151例,女201例,年龄18~90岁)进行抗体鉴定,确定其特异性。258例患者诊断明确,其中男87例,女171例。采用Poisson分布概率法分析自身抗体男女分布差异。结果红细胞血型不规则抗体分布情况:Rh系统抗体最多见,占33.8%(124/368),其次是自身抗体、MNSs系统、Lewis系统、P系统、Kidd系统。临床明确诊断的258例患者血型不规则抗体与临床疾病关系:血液系统疾病最常见(32.9%,85/258),其次为肿瘤(17.4%,45/258)、消化系统疾病(11.6%,30/258)、妇科疾病(8.5%,22/258)、自身免疫性疾病(6.2%,16/258)、泌尿系统疾病(5.8%,15/258)、骨关节疾病(5.1%,13/258)、儿科疾病(4.3%,11/258)、心血管疾病(3.5%,9/258)、呼吸系统疾病(2.3%,6/258)、内分泌系统疾病(0.8%,2/258)、神经系统疾病(0.8%,2/258)、其他(发热和感染等)(0.8%,2/258)。红细胞血型不规则抗体在女性患者中检出213例,男性患者中检出155例;单纯由妊娠产生的红细胞不规则抗体43例,占11.7%;自身抗体119例,占32.3%;自身抗体男女分布差异无统计学意义(u=1.191,P>0.05)。结论对有输血史的患者、有妊娠史的妇女进行红细胞血型不规则抗体检测有一定临床意义。Objective To investigate the clinical significance for detecting red blood cell(RBC)irregular antibodies.Methods The irregular antibodies in the 352 samples from the patients with positive blood type antibody screening,crossmatching incompatibility,and hemolytic disease of newborn(151 males and 201 females who were 18-90 years old)at the hospitals were detected by the salt water agglutination,indirect anti-human globulin test,and direct anti-human globulin test to determine the specificity from January 2001 to December 2023.Two hundred and fifty-eight patients'diagnoses were confirmed,including 87 males and 171 females.The autoantibody distribution difference between the males and females was analyzed by the Poisson distribution probability method.Results The distribution of RBC irregular antibodies:the Rh system antibodies were the most common(33.8%,124/368),followed by autoantibodies,the MNSs system,the Lewis system,the P system,and the Kidd system.The relationship between RBC irregular antibodies in the 258 clinically confirmed specimens and clinical diseases:blood system diseases were the most common(32.9%,85/258),followed by tumor(17.4%,45/258),digestive system diseases(11.6%,30/258),gynecological diseases(8.5%,22/258),autoimmune diseases(6.2%,16/258),urinary system diseases(5.8%,15/258),bone and joint diseases(5.1%,13/258),pediatric diseases(4.3%,11/258),cardiovascular diseases(3.5%,9/258),respiratory system diseases(2.3%,6/258),endocrine system diseases(0.8%,2/258),nervous system diseases(0.8%,2/258),and other diseases(fever,infection,etc.)(0.8%,2/258).Two hundred and thirteen cases of RBC irregular antibodies were detected in the females,and 155 cases in the males;43 cases(11.7%)had RBC irregular antibodies produced simply by pregnancy;119 cases(32.3%)had autoantibodies;there was no statistical difference in the distribution of autoantibodies between the males and the females(u=1.191;P>0.05).Conclusion RBC irregular antibody body detection has some clinical significance for patients who have blood transfu

关 键 词：红细胞血型不规则抗体 检测 临床意义 

分 类 号：R44[医药卫生—诊断学]