“安全分娩”:云南阿卡人的孕产实践、生育礼俗及其当代变迁  

“Safe Childbirth”:Birth Practices,Reproductive Customs and Their Changes among the Akha in Yunnan

作　　者：王瑞静 WANG Rui-jing(Research Center for Contemporary China,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学共和国研究中心,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学中文系,重庆400044

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2025年第1期78-91,共14页Journal of Chinese Women's Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“西南地区族际通婚促进民族文化交融机制研究”(项目编号:20BMZ052)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文考察中国西南边境农村地区阿卡孕产妇从在家分娩到住院分娩的转变过程,从文化内部视角探讨她们将生育礼俗与医疗秩序统合起来保障妇幼安全的方式。阿卡女性遵从地方政府住院分娩的要求,将身体空间交给医生主导,同时继续践行自己所重视的生育礼俗,以应对文化所界定的那些超越身体、关联社会—宇宙秩序的分娩危险。这些措施不会干扰医疗秩序,也不被医生觉察,是以与后者和谐共存。本文丰富了对分娩安全的多重理解,揭示出理念不同的孕产文化在实践中互动共存的机制,有助于反思现代医学的限度和生育礼俗的韧性。The research examines the changing process from home birth to hospital birth among the Akha people scattering across the rural areas of Southwestern China.From an intra-cultural perspective,it explores the ways in which the Akha maintain their birth culture and integrate the state-authorized medical interventions into their reproductive health customs.The Akha traditionally put emphasis on spiritual threats that might do harm to pregnant women and the newborns.So they have developed many social and ritualistic ways to cope with these dangers.Nowadays the Akha women follow local governments'direction to accept modern medicine to take charge of their pregnant body and employ medical interventions in the process of childbirth,while they continue practicing their theory of reproduction focusing on social-cosmic world other than human body.They manage to combine these two cultures of reproduction in a harmonious coexistence.This research aims to provide a multifaceted explanation of safe childbirth,so as to illustrate mechanisms for different birthing theories and cultural practices to co-exist and fit in with one another.This helps to reflect on the limitations of modern medicine and the resilience of reproductive customs.

关 键 词：在家分娩 住院分娩 生育礼俗 医疗化 文化变迁 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]